1. The Work of Gregor Mendel 11-1 http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/germplas/pisum/zgs4f.htm http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm

2. VOCAB Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring = ____________ The science that studies heredity =_____________

3. The “father of genetics” is __________________, a monk whose study of genetic traits was the beginning of our understanding of how genes are passed on http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/germplas/pisum/zgs4f.htm

4. Mendel designed experiments using __________in the monastery garden http://hus.yksd.com/distanceedcourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/FourthQuarter/Chapter11/11-1/images/MendelExperiment.gif

5. A specific characteristic is called a _________ Mendel studied _________ in peas. Pearson Education Inc,; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

6. MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS ____ generation (_________) ____ generation (______= offspring) ___ generation

7. Go to Section: P Generation F 1 Generation F 2 Generation TallShortTall Short Section 11-1 Principles of Dominance

8. When Mendel ______________ PLANTS with 2 ______________ traits: (EX: Tall crossed with short) He always found same pattern: 1. ONLY ______ trait ____________ in the ____generation BUT... 2. ___________ trait ____________ in the ____ generation in a _________ ratio

9. PATTERNS ARE THE KEY Image modified from: http://www.laskerfoundation.org/rprimers/gnn/timeline/1866.html http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/mendel.html

10. Mendel decided that there must be a __________________ that control each trait and that one factor must be able to _______ the other.

11. We now know that Mendel’s factors are ______ carried on ________________ _________________ http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif

12. http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/genetics%20tutorial.htm Different choices for a gene are called ___________.

13. __________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele __________________ = An allele that __________________ the presence of another allele

14. PROBABILITY & PUNNETT SQUARES 11-2

15. It can be written as a: Fraction ____ Percent ____ Ratio ____ The chance that an event will occur = ____________________

16. COIN FLIP There are 2 possible outcomes: HEADS TAILS capital http://www.arborsci.com/CoolStuff/CoinFlip.jpg The chance the coin will land on either one is: ____ ____ ____ Alleles segregate randomly just like a coin flip... So can use probability to predict outcomes of genetic crosses.

17. DOMINANT/RECESSIVE _____________ allele is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait) ____________ allele is represented by the SAME _________________ letter. EX: Tall = ______ Short =______

18. HOMOZYGOUS HETEROZYGOUS When both alleles in the pair are the SAME Ex: ____ or _____ ____________________= ________ When both alleles in the pair are different Ex: ______ ___________________ = ______________

19. PHENOTYPE/GENOTYPE The genetic makeup of an organism is its _____________ The appearance of an organism is its _____________

20. PUNNETT SQUARES are used to show possible offspring from a cross between 2 parents _______________ go at top and on left side Boxes show ____________ ___________________ T TtTt possible offspring combinations Parent alleles

21. Tall = T Round seeds = R Short = t Wrinkled seeds = r What’s the genotype? Homozygous short = ________ Heterozygous round = _____ Pure wrinkled = _____ Hybrid tall = _____

22. IN PEA PLANTS Tall is dominant over short TALL = ____ SHORT = ____ LET’S MAKE A CROSS! PURE TALL PURE SHORT X

23. PURE TALL parent What are the parent alleles?   What gametes can it make?

24. PURE SHORT parent What are the parent alleles?   What gametes can it make?

25. GENOTYPE _____ PHENOTYPE _______ _____ of the offspring ____ % ___/4 will be

26. HYBRID TALL parent What are the parent alleles? _________   What gametes can it make?

27. GENOTYPES ¼ = _____ ½ = _____ ¼ = _____ PHENOTYPES ____ or ____% _________ ____or ____% __________

28. PRACTICE MAKING GAMETES Tall = ____ Round seeds = ___ Short = ____ Wrinkled seeds = ___ T t R r

29. Homozygous Tall parent = What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?  

30. PURE wrinkled parent = What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?  

31. Heterozygous Round parent = What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?  

32. Hybrid Tall parent = What gametes can it produce? What are the possible gametes?  