1. The Presidency

2. QUALIFICATIONS FOR PRESIDENTIAL OFFICE President must be: President must be: Natural Born Citizen Natural Born Citizen 35 years old 35 years old 14 years a U.S. Resident 14 years a U.S. Resident Terms of Office (22 nd Amendment) 1951 Terms of Office (22 nd Amendment) 1951 4 year terms, max 2 terms 4 year terms, max 2 terms If VP becomes President due to death of President, 10 years max If VP becomes President due to death of President, 10 years max If VP serves as President more than 2 years only gets one more term If VP serves as President more than 2 years only gets one more term If VP serves as acting President less than 2 years, gets 2 more terms If VP serves as acting President less than 2 years, gets 2 more terms

3. PRESIDENTIAL IMPEACHMENT Congress has the authority to impeach and remove a president from office Congress has the authority to impeach and remove a president from office  House of Reps vote by simple majority (218) to authorize an investigation  House Judiciary Committee decides through hearings if the president should be tried for stated offenses and submits finding to full house  Full House votes by simple majority to indict the president on one or more charges (Impeach President)  President cannot resign after he has been impeach

4. PRESIDENTIAL REMOVAL Senate Senate Holds a trial on the charges Holds a trial on the charges Chief Justice of the Supreme Court would preside over the trial Chief Justice of the Supreme Court would preside over the trial 2/3 majority would convict, causing the president’s removal 2/3 majority would convict, causing the president’s removal Nixon (Resigned before House voted on Impeachment charges) Nixon (Resigned before House voted on Impeachment charges) A. Johnson/Clinton were impeached in the House but both fell short of 2/3 vote in Senate for removal. A. Johnson/Clinton were impeached in the House but both fell short of 2/3 vote in Senate for removal.

5. ROLE OF PRESIDENT Chief Executive Enforces federal laws and federal court decisions Enforces federal laws and federal court decisions Commander in Chief Head of State Chief Diplomat Receive ambassadors and other representatives from foreign countries Receive ambassadors and other representatives from foreign countries Recognize the existence of another country’s government Recognize the existence of another country’s government Chief legislature Can Veto legislation Political Party Leader Choose VP

6. CONSTITUTIONAL POWER Article II of the Constitution Article II of the Constitution Commander in Chief of Armed Forces Commander in Chief of Armed Forces To appoint, with the Senate’s consent/approval To appoint, with the Senate’s consent/approval  Who can the President appoint? Grant Pardons and Clemencies Grant Pardons and Clemencies Except in cases of impeachment Except in cases of impeachment To make Treaties, advice & consent of Senate by 2/3 vote To make Treaties, advice & consent of Senate by 2/3 vote Executive Agreements (international agreement does not require senate approval) Executive Agreements (international agreement does not require senate approval)

7. CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS To make Treaties, advice & consent of Senate by 2/3 vote To make Treaties, advice & consent of Senate by 2/3 vote Executive Agreements (international agreement does not require senate approval) Executive Agreements (international agreement does not require senate approval) Fill vacancies when Congress in recess Fill vacancies when Congress in recess Expire when new Congress meets Expire when new Congress meets Convene Congress in Extraordinary occasions Convene Congress in Extraordinary occasions Annual State of the Union Address Annual State of the Union Address

8. CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS Chief Diplomat Chief Diplomat Receive ambassadors and other representatives from foreign countries Receive ambassadors and other representatives from foreign countries Recognize the existence of another country’s government Recognize the existence of another country’s government Ensure that laws passed by Congress “be faithfully executed” Ensure that laws passed by Congress “be faithfully executed”

9. PRESIDENT’S VETO POWER Veto- refuse to sign-kills bill sent back to Congress with reasons for veto Congress can override the veto with 2/3 vote of both Houses- bill becomes Law Difficult for Congress to Override If president does not sign or veto within 10 days except Sundays, and Congress in session Bill becomes law Pocket Veto If Congress not in session bill dies if president takes no action (does not respond) Line-Item Veto-1998 Supreme Court declared Unconstitutional

10. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION Presidential Succession Act of 1947 Presidential Succession Act of 1947  Set up of who should take over should the President not be able to perform duties due to disability, death, resignation  Vice President  Speaker of House  President Pro Tempore of the Senate  Presidential Cabinet secretaries in order of creation: Secretary of State, Treasury, Defense,..

11. VICE PRESIDENT 25 th Amendment, 1967 25 th Amendment, 1967 VP shall become President if Present is removed, dies, or resigns VP shall become President if Present is removed, dies, or resigns Allows the President to appoint a new VP if becomes vacant Allows the President to appoint a new VP if becomes vacant Requires simple majority in both houses for approval Requires simple majority in both houses for approval If president unable to perform duties, he must inform Congress in writing, VP serves as acting president until president can resume duties If president unable to perform duties, he must inform Congress in writing, VP serves as acting president until president can resume duties When the president is unable to communicate, majority of the cabinet and VP can declare that to Congress, VP is acting president until president resumes duties. When the president is unable to communicate, majority of the cabinet and VP can declare that to Congress, VP is acting president until president resumes duties. 2/3 vote of congress is required to decide whether the VP shall remain acting president or whether president shall resume duties. 2/3 vote of congress is required to decide whether the VP shall remain acting president or whether president shall resume duties.

12. MILITARY POWERS Commander in Chief of Military of U.S. Commander in Chief of Military of U.S. Congressional Check on President Congressional Check on President Congress has power to declare war Congress has power to declare war War Powers Resolution of 1973 War Powers Resolution of 1973 Limits presidential authority to introduce troops into hostile foreign land without congressional approval Limits presidential authority to introduce troops into hostile foreign land without congressional approval President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deployment of troops outside the U.S. President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deployment of troops outside the U.S. Hostilities must end in 60 days unless congress extends troops to 30 more days for president to withdrawal troops from hostile territories or ask congress to declare war. Hostilities must end in 60 days unless congress extends troops to 30 more days for president to withdrawal troops from hostile territories or ask congress to declare war.

13. FACTORS IN PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP The Stage of the President’s Term  Honeymoon Period  Rally around the President (War or Crisis)  President focus internationally if not doing well domestically

14. FACTORS IN PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP Relations with Congress Relations with Congress Seeking cooperation with Congress Seeking cooperation with Congress Benefiting from Partisan Support in Congress Benefiting from Partisan Support in Congress Colliding with Congress Colliding with Congress Divided Government Divided Government Public Support Public Support Presidential Approval Ratings (public Opinion) Presidential Approval Ratings (public Opinion) The Televised Presidency The Televised Presidency “Going Public” “Going Public” Lame Duck Lame Duck

15. ELECTORAL COLLEGE Indirect system for choosing president Indirect system for choosing president Electoral College Electoral College The Group of electors who are chosen in each state to officially elect the President and VP The Group of electors who are chosen in each state to officially elect the President and VP US Constitution US Constitution Article II, Section 1 Article II, Section 1 Electors for each state Electors for each state Electoral votes for each state based on the number of senators (always 2) plus the number of its U.S. Representatives in the House Electoral votes for each state based on the number of senators (always 2) plus the number of its U.S. Representatives in the House (at least 1) determined by census every 10 years (at least 1) determined by census every 10 years Electors cannot be (senators or House of Representatives) members of Congress www.270towin.com

16. SIZE OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE Total number of electoral votes set at 538 Total number of electoral votes set at 538 100 Senators 100 Senators 435 House of Representatives 435 House of Representatives 3 District of Columbia (Washington DC) 3 District of Columbia (Washington DC) 23 rd Amendment (1961) 23 rd Amendment (1961) D.C. receives the minimum electoral votes a state could have. D.C. receives the minimum electoral votes a state could have.

17. ELECTORAL COLLEGE AMENDMENT Twelfth Amendment (1804) Twelfth Amendment (1804) Electors must cast one vote for President and one vote for Vice-President, instead of two votes for President. Electors must cast one vote for President and one vote for Vice-President, instead of two votes for President. President and Vice-President must be from 2 different states. President and Vice-President must be from 2 different states. Prevents electors from voting only for “favorite sons” of their own state. Prevents electors from voting only for “favorite sons” of their own state.

18. WHY VOTE IF PRESIDENCY IS NOT WON BY POPULAR VOTE? Think of the Electoral College as 51 separate elections. Think of the Electoral College as 51 separate elections.  One election for each state and Washington D.C.  Voters in each state help their state’s electors choose which candidate gets the electoral votes from that state

19. WINNER TAKE ALL SYSTEM In 48 states and Washington D.C., Which ever candidates gets the most popular votes wins the electoral votes from that state. In 48 states and Washington D.C., Which ever candidates gets the most popular votes wins the electoral votes from that state. Example CA (55 Electoral Votes as of 2010) Example CA (55 Electoral Votes as of 2010)  If 50.1% CA voters in November 2008 vote democrat, then 55 CA democratic slate of electors each will have one vote to give to democratic candidate running for President in December 2008.

20. SPLIT ALLOCATION OF ELECTORAL VOTES Maine and Nebraska Maine and Nebraska  Split their electoral votes based on both statewide popular vote and each district’s popular vote. Example Maine has 4 electoral votes Example Maine has 4 electoral votes  2 votes are determined based on statewide election  Candidate that wins the statewide election will get 2 votes  2 remaining votes are determined by congressional districts votes  Winner of each Congressional district in those states receiving one electoral vote.

21. SWING STATES Swing States (Purple States) Swing States (Purple States) States that do not consistently vote democrat or republican every 4 years States that do not consistently vote democrat or republican every 4 years As we saw in the 2000 presidential election, Florida, the largest swing state, determined the outcome of the election. As we saw in the 2000 presidential election, Florida, the largest swing state, determined the outcome of the election.