1. 1 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Harmonisation & convergence in PMR/PAMR ERO PMR Workshop March 28 th 2003 Risto Toikkanen/Nokia

2. 2 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Harmonisation – why? Harmonisation Every next technology generation multiplies the R&D effort  bigger market required Common standard Common spectrum Common rules for placement to market type approvals or market surveillance In Europe, with Professional Mobile Radio European PMR business shifted from the era of national champions to global or semi-global industry

3. 3 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Effects of harmonisation – an old slide

4. 4 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo TETRA as example of harmonisation – an old slide

5. 5 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Harmonisation issues & questions How have we succeeded with PMR in Europe? European regime today OK now for narrowband PMR For wideband we are getting closer to a European setup What is the leading frequency band for wideband implementations? Will there be a common standard & allocation that justify development investment? What would be the impact of multiple wideband PMR standards to the European market? What about competition from cellular networks? Is Europe alone wealthy enough to carry the wideband or broadband PMR development cost? Divergence of European & U.S. wideband PMR/LMR standards for Public Safety – lost opportunity

6. 6 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Harmonisation, way forward Tools for transition from regional to global territory Mutual recognition of RSO/SDO standards Partnership Projects Mechanism to import foreign standard to new regulatory framework IPR, HS, EMC, EMF, R&TTE Directive, … SRD with traceability to published standards + ? Global spectrum harmonisation process, WRC IMT example PPDR Will somebody push to harmonise civil PMR? Is the speed of these bicycles fast enough?

7. 7 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Convergence, angles Convergence A. Of services: Voice, Data, Messaging, Multimedia B. Of technologies, B1. Same technology building blocks in products B2. Same air interface for mobile telephony & PMR/LMR C. Of services, same network for consumer & professional services

8. 8 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Convergence of radio technologies B2. Use of same technology base = radio standard/air interface standard Technologies have deen derived from user needs Mission critical use e.g. in PSS requires purpose built PMR technology Response time, availability of service, capacity for incidents Some business and hobby/free time user groups can manage with relaxed requirements for group calls etc  “PAMR” use VoIP over packet data service on cellular network platform: CDMA-PAMR proposal by Lucent Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) initiative based on GPRS and the IMS of the 3GPP by Ericsson/Nokia/Siemens + some operators Plus several other recent product announcements Practically every system supplier seems to offer a solution Some of them are vendor specific, some rely on standardisation

9. 9 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Push-to-Talk Generic characteristics of VoIP Push-to- talk service concepts: Packet data coverage supporting real time services Some seem to rely on best effort protocols True QoS mechanism needed when loads grow Handset with PTT call support VoIP connection by SIP/RTP protocols from handset to a call server Individual transmissions to each talk group members (until …) Tools to manage talkgroups and/or fleets

10. 10 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Convergence of networks C. Use of same network for PAMR/PTT & cellular or not Most PTT concepts assume add-on PTT service over existing network Biggest interest to PTT services today is in the Americas If European GSM/GPRS operators see the PAMR opportunity, an interesting competitive pattern is foreseen CELLULAR OPERATOR: - has network ready - has subscriber base (with PTT handsets or not) - invests to VoIP servers - starts selling new feature CELLULAR OPERATOR: - has network ready - has subscriber base (with PTT handsets or not) - invests to VoIP servers - starts selling new feature STARTUP PAMR OPERATOR: - gets licence - builds new network - obtains new handsets - starts marketing to get first subscribers STARTUP PAMR OPERATOR: - gets licence - builds new network - obtains new handsets - starts marketing to get first subscribers Time to market Investment cost Average tariff per user

11. 11 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo PMR/PAMR business cases In healthy business there is and must be positive correlation between operator business case and manufacturer business case 1. Systems for Mission critical PMR – this business case is solid Constant user base, slow procurement process, … 2. Systems to serve both PMR and PAMR – this business case is a bit better 3. Systems to serve PAMR alone – who is going to pay? 4. Systems to serve both main stream cellular and PAMR – volume business case 5. Systems to serve everybody – no such system seen yet

12. 12 © NOKIA ERO_PMR_wkshp_harmonis_RTo_v1.ppt / 26-03-2003 / RTo Questions?