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Chapter 12 Section 3: The Transportation Revolution.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 12 Section 3: The Transportation Revolution."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 12 Section 3: The Transportation Revolution

2 Trade and Daily Life: The Transportation Revolution was a period of ____ growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation. America in the 1800’s was transformed by it. It created a boom in ____ across the country, by reducing shipping time and costs. These improvements were made possible in a big way by two inventions, the steamboat and steam-powered ____. Steamboats : In 1803 American Robert _____ tested his first steamboat design in France. Several years later he tested the Clermont, the first full-sized commercial steamboat. The steamboat was well suited for ____ travel. It could travel upriver without the need of wind power. This increased trade and profits because goods could be moved ____ and thus more cheaply. By the 1850s, steamboats were being used to carry people and goods across the ____ Ocean.

3 Gibbons v. Ogden: Increased steamboat shipping led to ___ over waterway rights. In 1819 Aaron Ogden sued Thomas Gibbons for operating steamboats in NY waters that Ogden said he owned. Gibbons didn’t have a ____ to operate in NY, but argued that his federal license gave him the right to use NY waterways. In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, which reached the Supreme Court in 1824, the Court reinforced the federal government’s authority to regulate trade between states by ending control over waterways in several states by businesses.

4 American Railroads: Trains were the steamboats of land travel. In 1830 Peter Cooper built a powerful train called the Tom Thumb and raced it against a horse-drawn railcar to prove it’s power and speed. The train broke down and lost to the horse, but the contest sparked interest in the train. By 1840 railroad companies had laid about 2,800 miles of ____ - more than existed in all of Europe. And by 1860 about 30,000 miles of railroad linked almost every major ___ in the eastern U.S. As a result, the economy surged forward. Railroads companies quickly became some of the most powerful businesses in the nation. As the railroad system grew, _____ and farmers could send their goods to distant markets.

5 In addition to their economic impact, the railroads made a powerful ____ on the senses of passengers and observers. Trains were the fastest form of transportation most people had ever experienced. Wagons often traveled less than __ miles per hour, locomotives averaged about 20 miles per hour. Riding on the early trains was often an ____, but it could also be quite dangerous. Engineers often drove too fast to stay on time. Passengers accepted the risks because the railroads reduced travel time ____.

6 Transportation Revolution Brings Changes: The Transportation Revolution brought many changes to America. Steamboats and railroads made getting goods to ___ markets much easier and less costly. Railroads contributed to the ___ of the borders of the nation and guided population growth. Towns sprang up at railroad junctions. Those towns that did not have railroads nearby ____.

7 A New Fuel: Throughout the early days of the Transportation Revolution, wood was the primary source of fuel for trains and steamboats, as well as for cooking, light, and heat. As faster trains were built, ___ replaced woods as the main source of power. A half ton of coal produces as much energy as __ tons of wood but at half the cost. Coal also became popular for heating homes. As demand for coal ___, a coal-mining industry developed in many states, including Pennsylvania, western VA, and IL. Later, in the 1870’s, the demand for coal increased as the demand for ___ grew. Coal was used to fire the furnaces in the smelting process. Steel is stronger than iron, and it was used to build factories and the machines they made as well as the rails that the trains rode on.

8 Effects of Railroads: The railroads also played a role in the growth of other businesses. The logging industry expanded as people in the growing towns and cities needed wood for ___ and furniture. Lumber items became the ___ product of New England. Settlers spreading out across the ____ cut down trees and plowed up prairies to make farmland. Deforestation, or cutting down and removing ___, took place on a large scale. Railroads also caused cities to ____. Some cities become transportations hubs. Chicago was one such city.


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