1. The Revolutionary War (1776-1778) To what extent did the trails of the war impact the patriots cause for victory? Do Now: Picture Analysis Important notes: Essay class tomorrow. How to write an essay, etc… The essay exam will follow- topic: TBA

2. 1.What are the subjects of this portrait? Where is it set? 2.2. What meaning do you think the artist intended for all of the paper documents depicted in the portrait—those on the ground and those in Washington’s hand? 3.3. This portrait was created by a French artist. Why do you suppose he might have created it?

3. Americans vs. British American: Americans had great leaders They also had French aid (indirect), guns, supplies, gunpowder, etc Home field advantage The colonials were fighting in a defensive war Most soldiers untrained and undisciplined Inferior navy No central govt. to enforce war time policies British Strong well trained army Strong central government with available funds Many Brits had no desire to kill their American cousins, Britain’s generals were second- rate, and its men were brutally treated. Provisions were often scarce, Troops unfamiliar with land

4. Americans retreated as the British worked to capture New York City; Washington’s men had several small victories during the winter months, as the British halted their campaign in the cold weather.

5. Why was there division amongst the colonists after independence was Declared? Patriots, or Whigs: These people supported rebellion generally the younger generation Fought a Guerrilla style warfare Loyalists: these people supported the king and fought against fellow Americans’ Loyalists were generally conservatives less numerous in New England After the Declaration of Independence, Loyalists and Patriots were more sharply divided, and Loyalists’ land was confiscated and resold. As the war dragged on, most Loyalists fled to Canada.

6. LoyalistStrongholds

7. Military Strategies Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line]. Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don ’ t have to win a battle, just wear the British down] Make an alliance with one of Britain ’ s enemies. The AmericansThe British Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So. Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. “ Divide and Conquer ”  use the Loyalists.

8. Anglo-Franco Alliance The French made an open alliance with the Americans in 1778 after the victory at Saratoga. They would not only supply weapons but ships and most importantly, man power.

9. “Camp Followers” - women who made do with the meager supplies provided to feed and care for the troops.

10. Wartime Difficulties: 1.Goods became scarce and military needed supplies; women were critical in supplying materials to military 2.Widespread mistreatment of women –rape was common 3.Loss of homes for military occupation was common 4.Financial crisis loomed with states not increasing taxes, using bonds to secure gold and silver and issued too much paper money 5.National government was collapsing ; and patriots feared internal rebellion because of economic chaos

11. The Winter of 1777; 1200 soldiers plus camp followers suffered horribly; conditions were harsh, lack of food and local farmers refused to help because of their Quaker beliefs. By the spring, 3000 soldiers had died and 1000 deserted. The Winter at Valley Forge