1. Bio-Diesel from JATROPHA G.S.VISHWANTH 2GI07ME023

2. What is Bio-Diesel? Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, propyl or ethyl) esters. Bio Diesel is a renewable domestically produced liquid fuel that can help reduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil imports.

3. WHY JATROPHA? Requires low water and fertilizer for cultivation. It is not grazed by cattle or sheep. It is pest resistant It has high seed yield and oil content. Produces high protein manure. Under optimum conditions jatropha seeds can yield up to 40% oil content. Trees have a lifespan of up to 30 years. Jatropha does not need irrigation and can grow in sand.

4. JATROPHA PROCESSING Where It Grows – Very adoptable to all kinds of soil even on depleted lands Climate Needs – Tropical Regions How it is Harvested – Handpicked How it is Planted – Transplanting method or By Seeds Time Scale – 15 months for the 1 st harvest, plant’s Lifespan is 40 years

5. JATROPHA LIFE CYCLE

6. OBTAINING JATROPHA OIL Seeds are crushed to improve oil extraction. For example crushed seeds are placed in a plunger which is then placed in a hydraulic press. Oil starts appearing at 1000psi. Vacuum filter is used to filter the oil.

7. MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL Reaction raw materials : » Jatropha Oil » Methanol (CH 3 OH) 99%+ pure » Potassium hydroxide (must be dry) Materials for Titration : » Isopropyl alcohol 99%+ pure » Distilled water » Phenolphthalein solution Materials for Washing : » Vinegar » Water

8. MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL Jatropha oil is filtered to remove any solid particles. Jatropha oil is then heated to remove any water content. Titration is done to determine how much catalyst is needed. Exact quantity of Potassium Hydroxide is then thoroughly mixed in Methanol till it dissolves completely to get potassium methoxide. Jatropha oil is heated if required (during winter), and mixed in the potassium methoxide while the agitator is running. It is then allowed to settle and glycerin is removed from bottom. Biodiesel fraction is then washed and dried. It is then checked for quality

9. MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL Reaction CH 2 -O-CORCH 2 -OH | KOH | CH-O-COR + 3R’OH 3RCOOR’ + CH-OH| CH 2 -O-CO-RCH 2 -OH (100 kg) (10.55 kg) (.1 kg)(100 kg)(10.55 kg) Oil Alcohol KOHBio DieselGlycerin In trans-esterification, KOH and methanol are mixed to create potassium methoxide. When mixed in with the oil this strong polar-bonded chemical breaks the trans-fatty acid into glycerin and ester chains (biodiesel), along with some soap if you are not careful.

10. Bio diesel Process Flow Diagram

11. EFFECT OF BIO-DIESL FROM JATROPHA IN DIESEL ENGINE

12. ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine. Bio Diesel is environmental friendly and ideal for heavily polluted cities. Bio Diesel is as biodegradable as salt Bio Diesel produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulfur dioxide emissions. It provides a 90% reduction in cancer risks. Bio Diesel extends the life of diesel engines Bio Diesel is cheaper then mineral oil diesel Bio Diesel helps in conserving natural resources.