2. Resourcefulness & Experimentation p Americans were willing to try anything. p They were first copiers, then innovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860  4,357 “ “ “

3. Robert Fulton Invention: Steamboat (steam engine) Impact: doubles miles of river use, increases need for canals, adds momentum to industrialization and American System – p. 219 Robert Fulton Invention: Steamboat (steam engine) Impact: doubles miles of river use, increases need for canals, adds momentum to industrialization and American System – p. 219

4. Samuel Slater Invention: “Slater’s Mills” are first Large scale textile mills. P. 214-15 Impact: This “factory system” helped To ignite the “Market Revolution” Samuel Slater Invention: “Slater’s Mills” are first Large scale textile mills. P. 214-15 Impact: This “factory system” helped To ignite the “Market Revolution”

5. Eli Whitney Invention(s): cotton gin Aand interchangeable parts – p. 216 Impact: increased the need for slave labor, leading cotton to become “King” in the South. Also helped to establish the “factory system” and encourage the “Market Revolution.” Eli Whitney Invention(s): cotton gin Aand interchangeable parts – p. 216 Impact: increased the need for slave labor, leading cotton to become “King” in the South. Also helped to establish the “factory system” and encourage the “Market Revolution.”

6. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

7. Samuel F. B. Morse Invention: telegraph – p. 274 Impact: started a communication network that would unite the country. Encouraged unity between regions (North, South, and especially West!) Samuel F. B. Morse Invention: telegraph – p. 274 Impact: started a communication network that would unite the country. Encouraged unity between regions (North, South, and especially West!)

8. Cyrus McCormick Invention: mechanical reaper Impact: - started the large scale industrial farms, increased crop production Cyrus McCormick Invention: mechanical reaper Impact: - started the large scale industrial farms, increased crop production

9. John Deere Invention: - Steel plow Impact: among the many agricultural Inventions that helped settlers succeed In the West. John Deere Invention: - Steel plow Impact: among the many agricultural Inventions that helped settlers succeed In the West.

10. Factory System First factories were: - Slater and Lowell Mills, textile mills in the Northeast Impact: - brought women (young, unmarried spinsters) into the workplace, low wages and poor conditions also led to first labor organizations (labor unions) - Created urbanization Factory System First factories were: - Slater and Lowell Mills, textile mills in the Northeast Impact: - brought women (young, unmarried spinsters) into the workplace, low wages and poor conditions also led to first labor organizations (labor unions) - Created urbanization

11. Erie Canal Impact: - connected Midwest With Eastern markets Chicago, Great Lakes, Hudson River to NYC Erie Canal Impact: - connected Midwest With Eastern markets Chicago, Great Lakes, Hudson River to NYC

12. Distribution of Wealth v During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population. v 1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. v 1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. v The gap between rich and poor was widening!

13. Regional Specialization EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

14. American Population Centers in 1820

15. American Population Centers in 1860

16. National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Why now?

17. Know- Nothing Party: “The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner” Know- Nothing Party: “The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner”

18. Henry Clay’s American System Northern EconomySouthern Economy American System Plan to unify the nation & the differing economies of the North & South North would manufacture the goods for the South & West South & West produce grain, wheat, meat & cotton for North Lead to economic independence…??

19. Henry Clay’s American System 3 Major Parts: 1.Transportation systems  National Road from Maryland to Illinois  Erie Canal linked Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes

20. Henry Clay’s American System 3 Major Parts: 2.Protective tariff  British goods much cheaper than American goods due to a surplus  Made British goods just as expensive (helps North, hurts South)

21. Henry Clay’s American System 3 Major Parts: 2.Second Bank of the United States  Currency that would be accepted nationwide (promote interstate trade)