1. Powertech Labs Allan Grant Joe Wong 2008 NHA Conference April 1, 2008 Hydrogen, Renewables and a Smartgrid - The HARP Project in British Columbia

2. 1 >About BC Hydro and Powertech Labs >Background and Project Drivers >The HARP Concept >Project Objectives >Design concepts >Project details DISCUSSION TOPICS

3. 2 About BC Hydro & Powertech >BC Hydro > “Crown Corporation”, located in British Columbia, on Canada’s Pacific coast > Third largest electric utility in Canada > 11,000 MW - 90% hydroelectric > 1.6 million customers (more than 94% B.C.’s population) >Powertech > Wholly-owned subsidiary of BC Hydro > Provide technology services to the electrical and gas utilities > Provide testing & development of hydrogen storage systems and installations

4. 3 Background and Project Drivers >Supply of reliable, competitive power is a challenge facing over 300 remote communities in Canada >BC Hydro serves isolated-grid communities > Adding up to 40 more remote communities to the BC Hydro service territory. > Power requirements – mostly between 100 –250 KW >Overall cost of service is high > High in current non-integrated areas > Projected to be very high in the communities being added to the BC Hydro system >High price of diesel & diesel gen sets > Diesel fuel price doubled in remote communities in 2005/06 > Detriment to the environment

5. 4 Background and Project Drivers >BC Hydro therefore has a strong interest in exploring renewable generation from sources such as wind, small hydro, photovoltaics or ocean energy in remote communities to provide clean and stable priced electricity. >Renewable Power is intermittent > The sun doesn’t always shine, the wind doesn’t always blow and streams don’t always flow – energy storage can help >Power usage is “peaky” > Storing off-peak energy to be used later during peak periods

6. 5 The Hydrogen Assisted Renewable Power (HARP) Concept

7. 6 HARP Project - Objectives > To demonstrate the viability of Hydrogen-Assisted Renewable Power projects for deployment in remote communities > To demonstrate the ability of the SmartGrid technology to optimize the operation of generation and storage > To identify best available technologies and equipment for such applications > To demonstrate the reliability of energy storage equipment > Use findings from this pilot project for possible future installations of hybrid renewable systems

8. 7 HARP Project Partners The Project has the following partners >BC Hydro - owner for the pilot project >Powertech – developer and operator >Sustainable Development Technology Canada (Government of Canada) – 30 % co-funding >General Electric Canada > GE Digital Energy – Control hardware > GE Global Research - SmartGrid development

9. 8 Bella Coola Bella Coola - 439 km north of Vancouver, isolated grid

10. 9 Bella Coola - Generation > Clayton Falls Run-of-River Hydro > 2.2 MW Capacity > Ah-Sin-Heek Diesel Station > Multiple units total capacity of 5.7 MW

11. 10 HARP Project - Scope > Install a hydrogen energy storage and power system in Bella Coola > Uses excess electricity from hydro > Generate hydrogen through electrolysis during periods of excess energy and store as a compressed gas > Store energy in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery > During peak times or in times of low production from Clayton Falls, hydrogen is used to generate electricity using a fuel cell > Optimize hydro utilization and decrease diesel using GE SmartGrid > In order to get Bella Coola staff familiar with handling hydrogen, use stored hydrogen to also fuel an internal combustion engine truck (GMC Sierra)

12. 11 Bella Coola – Daily Load Demand > Peak Load: > 3.8 MW (winter) > 2.3 MW (summer) > Min load: 1 MW > During low demand periods, there is excess renewable energy available from Clayton Falls which can be stored and used during high demand periods January Daily Profile July Daily Profile

13. 12 Bella Coola – Excess Renewable Power

14. 13 HARP in Bella Coola – System Architecture

15. 14 HARP Project Components >Electrolyser – production rate of 5 kg/h >Fuel Cell > 120 to 200 kW, integration of multiple fuel cell modules >Compressed Hydrogen Storage > 100 kg at medium pressure (~2700 psi) >Mobile Fueling Station > small electrolyser (0.5 kg/h), on-board compressor, storage and fuel dispenser >4x4 Hydrogen Truck >Vanadium Redox Flow Battery – 125 kW >SmartGrid – Microgrid Control System

16. 15 Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) > Vanadium Redox Battery, a type of ‘flow battery’, is an electrical energy storage system based on a vanadium redox regenerative fuel cell. > an electrolyte is pumped from separate plastic storage tanks into flow cells across a proton exchange membrane (PEM), which either generates or stores electricity. > The reaction is reversible allowing the battery to be charged, discharged and recharged. > VRB has excellent potential to level electrical output from intermittent renewable energy systems

17. 16 SmartGrid > A Microgrid Control System > The Microgrid control algorithm will be generic and scalable to allow for use in remote communities of various size > Optimize operation of the overall Bella Coola system to reduce diesel fuel consumption and increase utilization of run-of-river hydro > Wireless Communication with each of the system components such as the fuel cell, electrolyser, VRB, and diesel gensets Hydro - Clayton Falls Diesel units Load (Optional)

18. 17 Hydrogen fueling Station & Hydrogen ICE 4x4 > Solicit community support > Operation of hydrogen vehicle and fueling station

19. 18 HARP Project Testing & Integration > Test HARP system in Powertech Labs > Deploy HARP system in Bella Coola > All components must be containerized > HARP system must integrate with existing Bella Coola grid > HARP system must interface with existing Bella Coola system

20. 19 Contacts BC Hydro Pun Chu Manager, Non-Integrated Areas (604) 528-1416 pun.chu@bchydro.com Powertech Labs Allan Grant HARP Project Manager (604) 590-7472 allan.grant@powertechlabs.com Presenter: Joe Wong Manager Infrastructure Programs (604) 590-7426 joe.wong@powertechlabs.com