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Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

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Presentation on theme: "Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in the Americas"— Presentation transcript:

1 Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

2 Geography of Colonization

3 The Process of Colonization by Spain
Conquistadors Arrive in the Americas Guns, Armor Horses Disease Missionaries & Spanish Follow Land is claimed in the name of the Spanish King Land is claimed for the church New Culture Emerges Over Time Reflects European, Native American, and African traditions

4 Ruling the Spanish Empire
Council of the Indies: Set up by King of Spain Made laws for colonies Viceroys: Appointed by King of Spain Representatives who ruled in his name Each province had a viceroy Lesser Officials & Audiencias: Councils of Spanish settlers Assisted viceroys

5 Spreading Christianity
Catholic Church & Spanish government worked to convert Native Americans Church leaders often served as officials Supervised Spanish settlers Empire Expanded = Church authority expanded Converts to Christianity = Loyal subjects to King of Spain Spreading Christianity was as important as acquiring land European culture was often forced upon Natives

6 The Spread of Christianity

7 What does this cartogram show us?

8 Controlling Trade Motive: make empire profitable
Silver & Gold = most valuable exports from Spanish America Rules for Colonists: Only export raw materials to Spain Trade with other nations or colonies forbidden Sugar Cane: Very profitable Very labor intensive Demand for labor rises

9 The Value of Sugar Cane

10 The Encomienda System Conquistadors granted right to demand labor or tribute from native people Forced natives to work in brutal conditions Resistance = death Disease, starvation & cruel treatment = huge declines in Native American population Used on mines & plantations

11 The “Layers of Society”
Peninsulares Born in Spain Highes positions in Church and Gov’t Creoles American born descendants of Spanish Plantation, mine, ranch owners Mestizos Mixed Native American/European descent Lower social status than those of European blood Mulattoes Mixed Native American/African descent Formed lowest social class along with Native Americans

12 The Portuguese Colony in Brazil
Brazil: Claimed by Portugal in 1494 Most Natives wiped out by disease Portuguese gov’t granted land to Portuguese nobles Shared profits Built towns, plantations, churches NO Silver or Gold Brazilwood: Main Export Used Forced Labor to on plantations and ranches 4 million Africans sent to Brazil Unique Culture Emerges: European, Native American, African


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