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345 355 365 1986198719881989199019911992 345 355 365 345 355 365 South Pole (89  98S, 24  80W) Palmer Station (64  92S, 64  00W) Cape Grim (40  68S,

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Presentation on theme: "345 355 365 1986198719881989199019911992 345 355 365 345 355 365 South Pole (89  98S, 24  80W) Palmer Station (64  92S, 64  00W) Cape Grim (40  68S,"— Presentation transcript:

1 345 355 365 1986198719881989199019911992 345 355 365 345 355 365 South Pole (89  98S, 24  80W) Palmer Station (64  92S, 64  00W) Cape Grim (40  68S, 144  68E) 345 355 365 345 355 365 Christmas Island (1  70N, 157  17W) Samoa (14  24S, 170  57W) 345 355 365 Cape Kumukahi (19  52N, 154  82W) 345 355 365 Cape Meares (45  48N, 123  97W) 345 355 365 Cold Bay (55  20N, 162  72W) 345 355 365 345 355 365 345 355 365 Alert (82  45N, 62  52W) Mould Bay (76  25N, 119  35W) Barrow (71  32N, 156  60W) Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration (parts per million) SP PS CG A MB B CB CM CK CI S Figure 29.1 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

2 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -90-60-300306090 Latitude (degrees North) Contribution To Amplitude (%) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Amplitude (ppm) PercentAmplitude Figure 29.2 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

3 Figure 29.3 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

4 3 2 1 0 -2 -3 3 2 1 0 -2 -3 Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) NPP Anomaly (Pg C yr -1 ) CO 2 Growth Rate Anomaly (Pg C yr -1 ) 198219841986198819901992199419961998 NPP CO 2 MEI Figure 29.4 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

5 Figure 29.5 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

6 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 5001000150020002500 Ambient NPP (g C m -2 yr -1 ) NPP Elevated / NPP Ambient NPP [550] / NPP [376] = 1.18 + 55 / NPP [376] Figure 29.6 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

7 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 AllC3C3 C4C4 TreeShrubC3C3 Grass Forb Response (elevated / ambient) A sat 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 AllTreeShrubC3C3 Grass C4C4 Forb Response (elevated / ambient) gsgs ANPP 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 AllC3C3 C4C4 TreeC4C4 crop C3C3 grass C4C4 Response (elevated / ambient) Figure 29.7 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

8 Figure 29.8 0 20 40 60 80 Live aboveground carbon Wood products Other carbon pools 0 20 40 60 Source Sink 0 1020 30 4050 60 Years Carbon Flux (Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) Carbon (Mg C ha -1 ) 0 1020 30 4050 60 Years Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

9 Figure 29.9 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

10 1700175018001850190019502000 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 Annual Carbon Flux (Pg C yr -1 ) Figure 29.10 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

11 Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Figure 29.11 0 500 1000 1500 -500 Cumulative Carbon (Pg C) 19001950 2000 2050 2100 Atmosphere Emissions Land Ocean 185019001950 2000 2050 2100 185019001950 2000 2050 2100 275 280 285 290 295 Surface Air Temperature (K) Global Land 200 400 600 800 1000 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) 0 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

12 Figure 29.12 1850 1900 19502000 2050 2100 1850 1900 19502000 2050 2100 200 400 600 800 1000 Atmospheric CO 2 (ppm) Land Carbon Uptake (Pg C yr -1 ) 0 2 4 6 -2 -4 -6 1850 1900 19502000 2050 2100 1850 1900 19502000 2050 2100 Plant Carbon (Pg C) 400 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Soil Carbon (Pg C) Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

13 Figure 29.13 Correlation Coefficient Regression Slope (kg C m -2 yr -1 per  C) Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

14 Coupled carbon cycle-climate model Without carbon cycle-climate feedback Atmosphere Land Ocean Figure 29.14 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 HadCM3LC UMD FRCGC UVic-2.7 CLIMBER MPI CSM1 IPSL-CM4-LOOP BERN-CC IPSL-CM2C LLNL Fraction Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

15 HadCM3LC IPSL-CM2C MPI LLNL CSM1 FRCGC UVic-2.7 UMD BERN-CC CLIMBER IPSL-CM4-LOOP 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 Airborne Fraction 0.150.200.250.350.400.30 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 Ocean Fraction 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Land Fraction Figure 29.15 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

16 Figure 29.16 Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

17 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 0.5 0.25 0.1 -0.1 -0.25 -0.5  T (  C) Figure 29.17 A2 biogeophysical B1 biogeophysical 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E A2 biogeochemicalB1 biogeochemical 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E 60S 60N 30S 30N 0 180W 180E 120W 60W 0 120E60E A2 netB1 net Ecological Climatology © 2008 G. Bonan

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