1. The Stone Age Objective: To compare and contrast the new and old stone age HW: Listen to chapter 3 online: How are the Old and New Stone Ages alike? OLD STONE AGE NEW STONE AGE

2. The Stone Age A period of time when humans relied mostly on stone. People made weapons and tools out of stone wood, bone, or antlers. OLD STONE AGE NEW STONE AGE

3. The Old Stone Age

4. Lasted from 3.5 million to 8,000 B.C. The ice age was still going strong ▫Much of the world’s land was glacier covered Technology changed at a slow rate

5. During the Old Stone Age people lived as nomads, in small hunting and gathering groups. Nomads are people with no permanent home who often followed herd animals

6. Old Stone Age Technology Humans made simple tools and weapons out of stone, and later out of bone, antler, horn or wood Tools were roughly shaped with pitted surfaces and uneven cutting edges used caves and rocky overhangs for shelter; learned to build fires ▫for warmth, cooking, light, and ceremonies

7. The New Stone Age

8. Lasted from 8,000 to 3,000 B.C. When the glaciers melted, people domesticated plants & animals (what does that mean?) People were able to stay in one place, farming the land and raising animals for meat.

9. There was now enough food for people to have different jobs People lived in permanent houses They produced a surplus of food and were able to trade

10. New Stone Age Technology Made great improvements in technology, including new techniques in stone- working Tools were more advanced with smooth, polished surfaces and clean edges

11. The Stone Age ended when humans discovered metals and metalworking

12. Early Farmers Objective: to describe the farming lifestyle Homework: listen to chapter 3 to find differences between famers and nomads

13. EARLY FARMERS They grew grains like wheat, rice, and barley which did not scatter their seeds and were easy to harvest Jute, a plant with strong fibers, was domesticated and used to make rope and nets.

14. Goats and sheep were the first animals to be domesticated for food. Later they were kept for milk and wool. Cattle were useful for meat and the skins were used for clothing and shelter Mules were useful for carrying heavy loads

15. The development of Agriculture raising plants and animals for human use The ice had melted and people had developed farming techniques. In time, cattle were used to plow fields Surplus (extra food or products the family did not need for themselves) could be traded for items the family did not have People could work different jobs because they were not hunting and gathering all the time.

16. Small groups of people gradually settled in villages and farming improved. People learned to farm the THREE SISTERS ▫Corn ▫Beans ▫Squash Milling stones were used to grind corn kernels into flour. The first sweet potato was cultivated in South America

17. Other useful creatures Horses – meat, skin, transport, plowing Donkeys – transport Camels – transport These animals helped people trade with communities far away Honeybees – honey, wax for candles, venom for medicine Silkworm – silk cloth

18. housing Houses were built of mud brick Homes had several rooms and a hole in the wall for a door. Storage holes and a fireplace were built inside Homes protected people from the weather and wild animals

19. villages As people settled down, they formed villages People learned how to work together They also divided up the work (social divisions) so that more could get done People had time to invent new/better tools They could also protect each other

20. Jobs Farmers Weavers/basket makers Traders Miners/tool makers Builders Each person worked to improve his skill People had time to decorate their products

21. Skara Brae A large stone-built settlement on the west coast of Scotland that consisted of about 10 houses (3100-2500 B.C.) Village Life It was a typical village that people suddenly abandoned. About 50 people lived there. They raised cattle and sheep, and used tools made from stone, pebbles, and bone. People formed social divisions (divided into groups for jobs like toolmaker, farmer, fisherman).

22. Culture Affected by Available Resources Desert dwellers relied on plant stems or fibers to make twine, nets, baskets, sandals, and animal traps. Mountain dwellers used rocks to make homes, weapons, and tools. Fishing cultures were known for their hooks, nets, and harpoons. Hunting cultures were known for their spears. People who migrated over ice to small islands in the Pacific became known for their ocean- going skills

23. Trade People traded with other villages to get the resources they needed Traders walked hundreds of miles to trade items made in their villages They traded ideas, knowledge, resources, and tools In time, some traders rode donkeys or ships to travel further