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11-6 Appendicular Musculature

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Presentation on theme: "11-6 Appendicular Musculature"— Presentation transcript:

1 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis and teres major Produce medial rotation at shoulder

2 Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 2

3 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Infraspinatus and teres minor Produce lateral rotation at shoulder Coracobrachialis Attaches to scapula Produces flexion and adduction at shoulder

4 Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Posterior view 4

5 Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 5

6 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Arm Pectoralis major Between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus Produces flexion at shoulder joint Latissimus dorsi Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus Produces extension at shoulder joint

7 Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Sternum Clavicle Muscles That Move the Arm Deltoid Pectoralis major Anterior view 7

8 Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Superficial Dissection Vertebra T1 Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Deltoid Latissimus dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Posterior view 8

9 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
The Rotator Cuff Muscles involved in shoulder rotation Supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and their tendons

10 Figure 11-15a Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Ribs (cut) Muscles That Move the Arm Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Teres major Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Vertebra T12 Anterior view 10

11 Figure 11-15b Muscles That Move the Arm
Deep Dissection Muscles That Move the Arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Posterior view 11

12 Table 11-12 Muscles That Move the Arm (Figures 11–13 to 11–15)

13 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (a) A&P FLIX Rotator Cuff Muscles: An Overview (b)

14 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand Originate on humerus and insert on forearm Exceptions: The major flexor (biceps brachii) The major extensor (triceps brachii)

15 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand Extensors Mainly on posterior and lateral surfaces of arm Flexors Mainly on anterior and medial surfaces

16 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Flexors of the Elbow Biceps brachii Flexes elbow Stabilizes shoulder joint Originates on scapula Inserts on radial tuberosity Brachialis and brachioradialis

17 Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process of scapula Humerus Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor retinaculum Anterior view, superficial layer 17

18 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Extensors of the Elbow Triceps brachii Extends elbow Originates on scapula Inserts on olecranon Anconeus Opposes brachialis

19 Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Extensor retinaculum Posterior view, superficial layer 19

20 Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
20

21 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a) A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b) A&P FLIX Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)

22 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Flexors of the Wrist Palmaris longus Superficial, flexes wrist Flexor carpi ulnaris Superficial, flexes wrist, adducts wrist Flexor carpi radialis Superficial, flexes wrist, abducts wrist

23 Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process of scapula Humerus Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor retinaculum Anterior view, superficial layer 23

24 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Extensors of the Wrist Extensor carpi radialis Superficial, extends wrist, abducts wrist Extensor carpi ulnaris Superficial, extends wrist, adducts wrist

25 Figure 11-16a Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, lateral head Brachioradialis Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Extensor retinaculum Posterior view, superficial layer 25

26 Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
26

27 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand Pronation and supination Pronator teres and supinator Originate on humerus and ulna Rotate radius Pronator quadratus Originates on ulna Assists pronator teres

28 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (a) A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (b) A&P FLIX Muscles of the Forearm (c)

29 Figure 11-16b Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand
Coracoid process of scapula Humerus Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii, short head Biceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, long head Triceps brachii, medial head Brachialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor retinaculum Anterior view, superficial layer 29

30 Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Brachialis Supinator Cut tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Muscles That Flex the Fingers and Thumb Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus Anterior view, deepest layer 30

31 Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus Supinator Muscles That Move the Thumb Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Radius Tendon of extensor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of extensor digitorum (cut) Posterior view, deepest layer 31

32 Table 11-13 Muscles That Move the Forearm and Hand (Figure 11–16)
32

33 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers Also called extrinsic muscles of the hand Lie entirely within forearm Only tendons cross wrist (in synovial tendon sheaths)

34 Figure 11-17a Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Median nerve Tendon of biceps brachii Pronator teres (cut) Brachial artery Radius Flexor carpi ulnaris (retracted) Muscles That Flex the Fingers and Thumb Brachioradialis (retracted) Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus LATERAL MEDIAL Anterior view, middle layer 34

35 Figure 11-17b Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Brachialis Supinator Cut tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis Muscles That Flex the Fingers and Thumb Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus Anterior view, deepest layer 35

36 Figure 11-17c Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus Muscles That Extend the Fingers Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Tendon of extensor pollicis longus MEDIAL LATERAL Posterior view, middle layer 36

37 Figure 11-17d Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers
Anconeus Supinator Muscles That Move the Thumb Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Ulna Radius Tendon of extensor digiti minimi (cut) Tendon of extensor digitorum (cut) Posterior view, deepest layer 37

38 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Tendon Sheaths Extensor retinaculum Wide band of connective tissue Posterior surface of wrist Stabilizes tendons of extensor muscles

39 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Tendon Sheaths Flexor retinaculum Anterior surface of wrist Stabilizes tendons of flexor muscles

40 Table 11-14 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers (Figure 11–17)
40

41 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
The Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Muscles that move the metacarpals and phalanges And originate and insert only on those bones

42 Table 11-15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Figure 11–18)
42

43 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs Pelvic girdle is tightly bound to axial skeleton Permits little movement Has few muscles

44 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Position the Lower Limbs Three Groups Muscles that move the thigh Muscles that move the leg Muscles that move the foot and toes

45 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Thigh Gluteal muscles Lateral rotators Adductors Iliopsoas

46 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Gluteal Muscles Gluteus maximus Largest, most posterior gluteal muscle Produces extension and lateral rotation at hip Tensor fasciae latae Works with gluteus maximus Stabilizes iliotibial tract Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus Originate anterior to gluteus maximus Insert on trochanter

47 Figure 11-19a Muscles That Move the Thigh
Iliac crest Sacrum Gluteal Group Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus (cut) Gluteus maximus Gluteus minimus Gluteal region, posterior view 47

48 Figure 11-19b Muscles That Move the Thigh
Gluteal Group Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Iliotibial tract Vastus lateralis Biceps femoris, long head Biceps femoris, short head Semimembranosus Patella Plantaris Head of fibula Patellar ligament Lateral view 48

49 Table 11-16 Muscles That Move the Thigh (Figure 11–19)
49

50 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Lateral Rotators Group of six muscles, including the dominant: Piriformis Obturator

51 Figure 11-19c Muscles That Move the Thigh
Gluteal Group Gluteus maximus (cut) Gluteus medius (cut) Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Lateral Rotator Group Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris Ischial tuberosity Iliotibial tract Posterior view, deep muscles 51

52 Table 11-16 Muscles That Move the Thigh (Figure 11–19)
52

53 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Adductors Adductor magnus Produces adduction, extension, and flexion Adductor brevis Hip flexion and adduction Adductor longus

54 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Adductors Pectineus Hip flexion and adduction Gracilis

55 Figure 11-19d Muscles That Move the Thigh
Iliopsoas Group Psoas major Iliacus L5 Lateral Rotator Group Inguinal ligament Piriformis Adductor Group Obturator internus Obturator externus Pectineus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Anterior view of the iliopsoas muscle and the adductor group 55

56 Table 11-16 Muscles That Move the Thigh (Figure 11–19)
56

57 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Iliopsoas Two hip flexors insert on the same tendon Psoas major Iliacus

58 Figure 11-19d Muscles That Move the Thigh
Iliopsoas Group Psoas major Iliacus L5 Lateral Rotator Group Inguinal ligament Piriformis Adductor Group Obturator internus Obturator externus Pectineus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Anterior view of the iliopsoas muscle and the adductor group 58

59 Table 11-16 Muscles That Move the Thigh (Figure 11–19)
59

60 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles that Act on the Hip Joint and Femur: An Overview A&P FLIX Anterior Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint A&P FLIX Medial Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint A&P FLIX Posterior Muscles that Cross the Hip Joint

61 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Leg Flexors of the knee Originate on the pelvic girdle Extensors of the knee Originate on the femoral surface Insert on the patella

62 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Flexors of the Knee Hamstrings Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius Originates superior to the acetabulum

63 Figure 11-20a Muscles That Move the Leg
Iliac crest Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Gracilis Iliotibial tract Flexors of the Knee Biceps femoris, long head Biceps femoris, short head Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Popliteus Hip and thigh, posterior view 63

64 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Extensors of the Knee Four muscles of the quadriceps femoris Three vastus muscles Rectus femoris muscle

65 Figure 11-20b Muscles That Move the Leg
Anterior superior iliac spine Inguinal ligament Gluteus medius Iliacus Psoas major Iliopsoas Pubic tubercle Tensor fasciae latae Pectineus Adductor longus Gracilis Sartorius Extensors of the Knee (Quadriceps muscles) Iliotibial tract Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar ligament Quadriceps and thigh muscles, anterior view 65

66 Table 11-17 Muscles That Move the Leg (Figure 11–20)
66

67 Figure 11-20c Muscles That Move the Leg
POSTERIOR Flexors of the Knee Sciatic nerve Semitendinosus Femur Semimembranosus Biceps femoris, long head Extensors of the Knee (Quadriceps muscles) Biceps femoris, short head Gracilis Vastus lateralis Adductor magnus Vastus intermedius Sartorius Adductor longus Vastus medialis Rectus femoris ANTERIOR Sectional view 67

68 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
A&P FLIX Muscles that Cross the Knee Joint: An Overview A&P FLIX Anterior Extensors that Act on the Knee A&P FLIX Posterior Flexors that Act on the Knee

69 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes include: Muscles that produce extension at the ankle Muscles that produce flexion at the ankle Muscles that produce extension at the toes Muscles that produce flexion at the toes

70 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Four Muscles That Produce Extension (Plantar Flexion) at the Ankle Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis (group) Tibialis posterior

71 Figure 11-21a Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Superficial Dissection Ankle Extensors Plantaris Gastrocnemius, medial head Gastrocnemius, lateral head Popliteus Soleus Gastrocnemius (cut and removed) Calcaneal tendon Calcaneus Posterior views 71

72 Figure 11-21a Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Deep Dissection Head of fibula Ankle Extensors (Deep) Tibialis posterior Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Digital Flexors Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Tendon of fibularis brevis Tendon of fibularis longus Posterior views 72

73 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes The Achilles Tendon The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) Shared by the gastrocnemius and soleus

74 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Produce Flexion (Dorsiflexion) at the Ankle Tibialis anterior Opposes the gastrocnemius

75 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Produce Extension at the Toes Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Extensor retinacula fibrous sheaths Hold tendons of toes as they cross the ankle

76 Figure 11-21b Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Iliotibial tract Head of fibula Ankle Extensors Gastrocnemius, lateral head Ankle Flexors Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus Soleus Fibularis brevis Digital Extensors Extensor digitorum longus Superior extensor retinaculum Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Calcaneal tendon Inferior extensor retinaculum Lateral view 76

77 Figure 11-21c Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Patella Medial surface of tibial shaft Patellar ligament Ankle Flexors Ankle Extensors Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius, medial head Soleus Tibialis posterior Superior extensor retinaculum Digital Extensors Tendon of extensor hallucis longus Calcaneal tendon Flexor retinaculum Tendon of tibialis anterior Inferior extensor retinaculum Medial view 77

78 11-6 Appendicular Musculature
Muscles That Produce Flexion at the Toes Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Oppose the extensors

79 Figure 11-21a Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes
Deep Dissection Head of fibula Ankle Extensors (Deep) Tibialis posterior Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Digital Flexors Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Tendon of fibularis brevis Tendon of fibularis longus Posterior views 79

80 Table 11-18 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes (Figure 11–21)
80

81 Table 11-18 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes (Figure 11–21)
81


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