2. European Kingdoms

3. England

7. Danelaw line

8. 1066- The Norman Conquest William the conqueror defeated the forces of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings William the conqueror defeated the forces of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings

13. Domesday Book First census since Roman times

15. Henry II (1154-1189) The development of Common Law The development of Common Law

16. Thomas Becket

18. Richard I (1189-1199) “Richard the Lion Hearted” “Richard the Lion Hearted”

19. King John (1199-1216) In 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymeade In 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymeade

22. Edward I (13 th century) Development of Parliament Development of Parliament House of Lords- Nobles and Church leaders House of Lords- Nobles and Church leaders House of Commons- Knights and Townspeople House of Commons- Knights and Townspeople

23. France 987-Death of last Carolingian King. 987-Death of last Carolingian King. Capetion dynasty established by Hugh Capet Capetion dynasty established by Hugh Capet

24. 1302 Estates General was established by: King Philip IV (French Parliament) King Philip IV (French Parliament) 1 st estate- Clergy 1 st estate- Clergy 2 nd estate- Nobles 2 nd estate- Nobles 3 rd estate- Townspeople and peasants 3 rd estate- Townspeople and peasants

25. The Holy Roman Empire Collection of German States Collection of German States

30. European Kingdoms England Anglo-Saxon England Alfred The Great (871-899) 1066- The Norman Conquest- William the conqueror defeated the forces of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Domesday Book- First census since Roman times. Henry II (1154-1189) the development of Common Law. Eleanor of Aquitaine Richard I (1189-1199) “Richard the Lion Hearted King John (1199-1216) In 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymeade. Edward I (13 th Century) development of Parliament House of Lords- Nobles and Church leaders. House of Commons- Knights and Townspeople. France 987- Death of last Carolingian King. Capetian dynasty established by Hugh Capet. 1302 Estates- General was establish by: King Philip IV (French Parliament) 1 st estate- Clergy 2 nd estate- Nobles 3 rd estate- Townspeople and peasants. The Holy Roman Empire- Collection of German State Spain( Aragon and Castile)- Reconquista

33. COLORS Even the colors can have special meaning in a "family crest" or coat of arms: COLORS Even the colors can have special meaning in a "family crest" or coat of arms: Gold (Or) Generosity and elevation of the mind Gold (Or) Generosity and elevation of the mind Silver or White (Argent) Peace and sincerity Silver or White (Argent) Peace and sincerity Red (Gules) Warrior or martyr; Military strength and magnanimity Red (Gules) Warrior or martyr; Military strength and magnanimity Blue (Azure) Truth and loyalty Blue (Azure) Truth and loyalty Green (Vert) Hope, joy, and loyalty in love Green (Vert) Hope, joy, and loyalty in love Black (Sable) Constancy or grief Black (Sable) Constancy or grief Purple (Purpure) Royal majesty, sovereignty, and justice Orange (Tawny or Tenne) Worthy ambition Purple (Purpure) Royal majesty, sovereignty, and justice Orange (Tawny or Tenne) Worthy ambition Maroon (Sanguine or Murray Patient in battle, and yet victorious` Maroon (Sanguine or Murray Patient in battle, and yet victorious`

36. The anchor is a symbol of salvation, the hope and religious steadfastness

37. The lion has always enjoyed a high place in the heraldry as the emblem of undying courage, and hence that of a valiant warrior The lion has always enjoyed a high place in the heraldry as the emblem of undying courage, and hence that of a valiant warrior The wheat sheaf is the meaning of abundance and hope

38. Martlet/Swallow One who has been disposessed of land. Sign for fourth son. In Ireland the Martlett was the bird of perpetual movement. Martlet/Swallow One who has been disposessed of land. Sign for fourth son. In Ireland the Martlett was the bird of perpetual movement. Eagle Protector, a person of action, noble nature, power, strength. In Ireland the eagle, along with other birds, was regarded as one of the 'demons of the air' and was thus a very popular and powerful charge. Eagle Protector, a person of action, noble nature, power, strength. In Ireland the eagle, along with other birds, was regarded as one of the 'demons of the air' and was thus a very popular and powerful charge. Peacock Beauty, pride Peacock Beauty, pride Swan A musical person, poetry, harmony In Ireland the Swan was regarded as the bird that bore the spirit of a dead Celtic Chieftain sway to the next life. Swan A musical person, poetry, harmony In Ireland the Swan was regarded as the bird that bore the spirit of a dead Celtic Chieftain sway to the next life. Dove Love, Peace. In Ireland the Dove was regarded as the bird of God Dove Love, Peace. In Ireland the Dove was regarded as the bird of God

40. Trade Routes of the Hanseatic League Trade Routes of the Hanseatic League