1. Elements and Principles of Art
By Ms. Urquhart

2. 6 Elements of Art (building blocks of visual art)
Line
Shape/Form
Color
Value
Texture
Space/Perspective

3. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

4. Line
In art a line is a dot that moves …. defines space, contours and outlines, or suggests mass and volume.

5. Examples of Lines
Type of lines include straight, curved, vertical, horizontal, jagged, and dotted.
Vincent van Gogh Cottage Garden 1888 reed pen, quill, and ink over graphite on wove paper, 24 x 19-1/4 inches, Private Collection, Courtesy Metropolitan Museum of Art
Dominance Portfolio, Blue, Bridget Riley, 1977

6. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

7. Shape and Form
Shape implies spatial form and is usually perceived as two-dimensional. Form has depth, length, and width and resides in space. It is perceived as three-dimensional.

8. Examples of Shape and Form
2d portions and 3d portions
Cycle, MC ESCHER, 1938

9. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

10. Color
Colors all come from the three primaries and black and white. They have three properties – hue, value, and intensity.

11. Examples of Color
Yellow and blue accentuate each other in van Gogh’s Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, 1888
Red and green accentuate each other in van Gogh’s Night Café in Arles, which was painted the same month as the café at left

12. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

13. Value
Value refers to relative lightness and darkness and is perceived in terms of varying levels of contrast.

14. Examples of Value
El Greco: Allegory, Boy Lighting Candle in the Company of an Ape and a Fool
How to draw with graphite and charcoal
Study of Arms and Hands, Da Vinci 1474

15. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

16. Texture
Texture refers to the tactile qualities of a surface (actual) or to the visual representation of such surface qualities (implied).

17. Example of Texture
Shoes, 1888 Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890) Oil on canvas; 18 x 21 3/4 in.
Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890) Sunflowers Oil on canvas 17 x 24 in. (43.2 x 61 cm)

18. 6 Elements of Art Line Shape/Form Color Value Texture
Space/Perspective

19. Space and Perspective
Space refers to the area in which art is organized. Perspective is representing a volume of space or a 3-dimensional object on a flat surface.

20. Examples of Space and Perspective

21. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

22. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

23. Pattern
Pattern refers to the repetition or reoccurrence of a design element, exact or varied, which establishes a visual beat.

24. Examples of Patterns

25. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

26. Rhythm and Movement
Rhythm or movement refers to the suggestion of motion through the use of various elements.

27. Examples of Rhythm and Movement
Combines elements in an art work to create the illusion of action
Golconda (in French, Golconde) is an oil painting on canvas by Belgian surrealist René Magritte, painted in It is currently housed at the Menil collection in Houston, Texas.
The piece depicts a scene of identical men dressed in dark overcoats and bowler hats, who seem to be falling like rain or floating like helium-balloons (though there is no actual indication of motion), against a backdrop of buildings and blue sky. It is humorous, but with an obvious criticism of the conventional effacing of individuality.
Magritte himself lived in a similar suburban environment, and dressed in a similar fashion. The bowler hat was a common feature of much of his work, and appears in paintings like The Son of Man.
Charly Herscovici, who was bequeathed copyright on the artist's works, commented on Golconda:
“ Magritte was fascinated by the seductiveness of images. Ordinarily, you see a picture of something and you believe in it, you are seduced by it; you take its honesty for granted. But Magritte knew that representations of things can lie. These images of men aren't men, just pictures of them, so they don't have to follow any rules. This painting is fun, but it also makes us aware of the falsity of representation.[1] ” As was often the case with Magritte's works, the title Golconde was found by his poet friend Louis Scutenaire. Golconda is a ruined city in southeast India, which from the mid­fourteenth century till the end of the seventeenth was the capital of two successive kingdoms; the fame it acquired through being the center of the region's legendary diamond industry was such that its name remains, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, "a synonym for 'mine of wealth'."
Magritte included a likeness of Scutenaire in the painting - his face is used for the large man by the chimney of the house on the right of the picture.
The Scream, Edvard Munch, 1893, oil

28. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

29. Proportions and Scale
Proportion is the size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another. Scale refers to relating size to a constant, such as a human body.

30. Examples of Proportion and Scale

31. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

32. Balance
Balance is the impression of equilibrium in a pictorial or sculptural composition. Balance is often referred to as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial.

33. Examples of Balance Martin Johnson Heade American, 1819-1904 Van Gogh
Magnolias on Light Blue Velvet Cloth, 1885/95
Oil on canvas
Van Gogh
Starry Night

34. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

35. Unity
Unity is achieved when the components of a work of art are perceived as harmonious, giving the work a sense of completion.

36. Examples of Unity

37. 6 Principles of Art (use or arrangement of the building blocks of visual art)
Pattern
Rhythm/Movement
Proportion/Scale
Balance
Unity
Emphasis/Contrast

38. Contrast and Emphasis
Contrast is the arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs. smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.) in a piece so as to create visual interest, excitement and drama.
Emphasis refers to the created center of interest, the place in an artwork where your eye first lands

39. Example of Emphasis and Contrast
Although trained as an illustrator, Edward Hopper spent five years studying painting under Robert Henri, a member of the Ashcan School of painters who focused on the gritty realities of the city. The Ashcan School influenced Hopper’s style, though he tended to depict not the chaos of urban living but the sense of urban isolation. Hopper explained that Nighthawks was inspired by "a restaurant on New York’s Greenwich Avenue where two streets meet." The diner has since been destroyed, but the image, with its carefully constructed composition and lack of narrative, has a timeless quality that transcends any particular location. The painting reveals three customers lost in their own private thoughts. The anonymous and uncommunicative night owls seem as remote from the viewer as they are from one another. Although Hopper denied that he purposely infused any of his paintings with symbols of isolation and emptiness, he acknowledged of Nighthawks that, "unconsciously, probably, I was painting the loneliness of a large city."
In selecting his vantage point, Hopper eliminated any reference to the diner’s entrance. The viewer, drawn to the light shining from the interior, is shut out from the scene by a seamless wedge of glass, a characteristic of Art Deco design. Hopper’s understanding of the expressive possibilities of light playing upon the simplified shapes gives the painting its beauty. Fluorescent lights had just come into use in the early 1940s, and the eerie glow flooding the dark street corner may be attributed to this innovation. The moody contrast of light against dark and the air of menace inside has been linked to film noir, a movement in American cinema that featured stories of urban crime and moral corruption.
NIGHTHAWKS, Edward Hopper x152.4cm Oil on Canvas, Chicago Art Institute