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Civilisation des Etats Unis--4a: Puritans Prof. Sämi LUDWIG UHA Mulhouse
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Calvinism < Jean Calvin (1509-1564) Geneva Bible - depravity covenant of good works broken by Adam only covenant of grace left (after The Fall) - predestination, unconditional election sanctification & justification “preparationism” to be among the “elect” or “a saint” Puritan work ethic: material success, wealth
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Typology: type & antitype (figuration): OT NT (e.g., Job as figura of Christ suffering) liberal typology: OT Puritans - e.g., patriarchs, exodus, covenant Congregationalism: against Church “High Church” vs. “low church” “meeting house” no bishops anti-authoritarian (non-conformists) Separatists (radical Brownists) vs. Anglican Church (in America = Episcopalians)
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Background: English Reformation: - Henry VIII (Tudor) Act of Supremacy: Anglican Church - “Bloody” Mary Tudor (Catholic) persecutes Puritans - Elizabeth I (“the virgin queen”) tolerant - James I (Stuart) from Scotland (Catholic) King James Bible - Charles I (son, Catholic) 1642-1649 English Civil War - “Lord Protector” Oliver Cromwell 1649-1660 Commonwealth - Charles II 1660 Restoration
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Puritanism in New England 1616-1618 smallpox depopulated 1620 Mayflower Plymouth Plantation 1609 to Holland, Separatists, “Pilgrims” William Bradford: Of Plymouth Plantation (1630) navigation error: winter arrival Squanto speaks English “Mayflower Compact” 1630 Massachusetts Bay Congregationalists Boston John Winthrop on Arabella: “Model of Christian Charity” (1630) sacred covenant, “City on a Hill” < Great Migration 1629-1640 (before English Civil War)
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Mayflower
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Plymouth Museum
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1622 Thomas Morton: Mare-Mount 1628 Maypole at “Merrymount” New English Canaan (1637) Miles Standish “Captain Shrimp” Indians as “Trojans” “Lasses in beaver coats come away, Yee shall be welcome to us night and day.” Roger Williams (1603-1683) private conscience vs. civil law founded Rhode Island, Providence Narragansett Indians A Key into the Language of America (1643): “sachem,” “powwow”
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New England Clergy John Cotton (1584-1652) and rival Thomas Hooker Conversion morphology Richard Mather, son Increase Mather 1661 “Half-Way Covenant” renegotiates MA Charter son Cotton Mather (1663-1728) Magnalia Christi Americana; Or, The Ecclesiastical History of New England, from Its First Planting in the Year 1620, unto the Year of Our Lord 1698 (1702); 800 pp., 7 books Salem witch trials Bonifacius (1710) Royal Society, inoculation
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Cotton Mather
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