1. HYDROCARBON NOTES

2. HYDROCARBON NOTES What is a hydrocarbon?
an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) are the simplest of the hydrocarbon species and are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen.
The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is CnH2n+2
Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and are either found as linear or branched species.
Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers

3. HYDROCARBON NOTES
What is a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons are one of the Earth's most important energy resources
The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. In their solid form, hydrocarbons take the form of asphalt

4. USES OF ALKANES ALKANE USE METHANE ETHANE PROPANE BUTANE PENTANE
Gaseous in form, used in gas jets in lab
Gaseous in form, not used
Easily liquefied, used in tanks to power grills
Easily liquefied, used as lighter fluid
clear liquid at room temperature, commonly used in chemistry and industry as a powerful solvent of waxes and organic compounds

5. USES OF ALKANES ALKANE USE HEXANE HEPTANE OCTANE NONANE DECANE
Used as a solvent, and in gasoline
Used as a solvent, in crude oil
Large fraction of gasoline
Used in crude oil
Used in crude oil

6. How do we draw hydrocarbons?
Chemical Formula:
CxH2x+2
Structural Formula: Stretched out formula showing every carbon atom and how many hydrogen atoms are bonded to it
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 = C5H12

7. How do we draw hydrocarbons?
Skeletal Formula: A line represents each carbon atom and the hydrogens bonded to it:
C5H12: 4 2 1 5 3

8. NAMES OF ALKANES
Alkanes are named based on the number of carbon atoms in the formula:
Number of Carbon atoms
Chemical Formula
Name 1
CH4
Methane 2
C2H6
Ethane 3
C 3H8
Propane 4
C 4H10
Butane 5
C5H12
Pentane 6
C6H14
Hexane 7
C7H16
Heptane 8
C8H18
Octane 9
C9H20
Nonane 10
C10H22
Decane

9. HYDROCARBON NOTES What is a polymer?
is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units
Those structural Units are called Monomers
are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds
Natural polymeric materials such as shellac, amber, and natural rubber have been used for centuries. A variety of other natural polymers exist, such as cellulose, which is the main constituent of wood and paper.
The list of synthetic polymers includes synthetic rubber, Bakelite, neoprene, nylon, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, PVB, silicone, and many more

10. WHAT IS A FUNCTIONAL GROUP?
Functional groups are specific atoms, ions, or groups of atoms having consistent properties .
A functional group makes up part of a larger molecule.
functional groups will react in the same ways
Organic reactions usually take place at the functional group.

11. How do you recognize a functional group?

12. How do you recognize a functional group?

13. How do you recognize a functional group?