1. Social Reform during the 1960s and 1970s Aim: How did the African-American Civil Rights Movement influence other movements for social reform?

2. Feminism and Women’s Rights The Feminine Mystique (Betty Friedan) - gave new life to women’s movement, encouraging middle-class women to question their domestic roles Equal Pay Act (1963) and Civil Rights Act (1964) – sought to address gender discrimination in the workplace National Organization for Women (NOW)  Fought for fair pay and equal job opportunities Convinced Pres. Johnson to include them—along with African Americans, Hispanics, and other minorities—in federal affirmative action programs Sexual Revolution  Birth control pill  Roe v. Wade – legalized abortion Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), would forbid all discrimination on the basis of gender  passed by Congress in 1972 but fell short of the 38 states needed to amend the Constitution Conservative reaction (Phyllis Schlafly) Title IX  No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance...

3. Latino Rights United Farm Workers – organizes agriculture workers, many of whom are Mexican-American  Led boycotts and strikes Cesar Chavez Dolores Huerta

4. Native American Rights American Indian Movement Second Battle of Wounded Knee (1973) Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975

5. Environmentalism Rachel Carson (Silent Spring) raised awareness of chemical DDT Nixon helped establish the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), enforced Clean Air Act, and signed the Clean Water Act Nuclear Regulatory Commission created

6. Other Movements Consumer Protection  Ralph Nader – Unsafe at Any Speed Automobile regulations Gay Rights  Stonewall Riot (1969) Stonewall Riot (1969) Disability Rights  Rehabilitation Act (1973)  Education of All Handicapped Children Act (1975) Renamed IDEA  Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)