1. Prof. P. K. Das, Mechanical Engineering Department Prof. B. Maiti, Mechanical Engineering Department Prof. Gargi Das, Chemical Engineering Department Prof. Indranil Ghosh, Cryogenic Engineering Centre Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Faculty Members:

2. Applications of Two Phase Flow Slide No. # 2 Boiling Heat Transfer ( Thermal Power Plant ) Heat Removal from Reactor Core ( Nuclear Power Plant ) Evaporation of Cryogenic Fluid ( Cryogenic Air Separation Plant ) Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium ( Distillation Column ) Oil and Natural Gas Exploration ( Oil Refineries ) Natural Examples Industrial Examples Rain, Hailstorm ( precipitation of liquid and solid respectively ) Cloud ( little drops of water or crystals suspended in atmosphere ) Ground water flow ( air or water flow through soil )

3. Slide No. # 3 Existence of discernible boundary or interface between the two phases Interracial topology changes constantly as the phases interact exchanging energy, momentum and often mass Often the physics is non-intuitive or counter- intuitive Visualization and experimental investigation are extremely important for exploring the complex physics Uniqueness of Two Phase Flow

4. Slide No. # 4 To develop a basic understanding of two phase flow To visualize two-phase flow through both real and simulated experiments To make the student acquainted with the unique measurement techniques suitable for two phase flow Broad Objectives

5. Slide No. # 5 Relevance for Virtual Lab for Multiphase Flow Two-phase modeling and analysis is extremely important for various industrial applications Experimentation gives a better perception of the actual problem. But, two-phase experimentation are often cost prohibitive. Virtual laboratory may help enhancing the understanding within affordable cost

6. Slide No. # 6 Proposed Methodology Two simultaneous approaches will be adopted Video recording of the actual flow phenomena will facilitate visualization, familiarize with the relevant hardware, instruments and control options Simulation of the experiment will enable to vary the experimental parameter and to study their effect on hydrodynamics

7. Slide No. # 7 List of Experiments Evaporation loss from a cryogenic vessel Hydrodynamics of a Taylor bubble – video recorded and animated version Study of different flow regimes in gas-liquid up flow – basic hydrodynamics Use of different sensors for the identification of flow regimes Bubbling through submerged orifice- study of bubble frequency, bubbling to jetting transitions Two phase flow through narrow channels Characteristics of an air lift pump Saturated pool boiling

8. Slide No. # 8 Preliminary Work Done Evaporation loss from a cryogenic vessel Hydrodynamics of a Taylor bubble – animated version (SEPTEMBER 2010)

9. Slide No. # 9 LN 2 Multilayer Insulation + Vacuum LN 2 Vacuum Conduction Convection Radiation Free Molecular Conduction Radiation Evaporation Loss from A Cryogenic Vessel

10. Slide No. # 10 LN 2 Weighing Machine LN 2 Flow Meter Different Measurement Techniques Measurement of loss in weight per day Measurement of flow rate of boil gas using flow meter

11. Slide No. # 11 Simulation with LabVIEW Program

12. Slide No. # 12 Rise of Taylor Bubbles – Video Recorded Results A rising gas slug through a liquid takes a typical shape – Bullet shaped nose, cylindrical body, flat tail known as Taylor Bubble. Gas Liquid Falling Liquid Film Typical nose shape Velocity dependent on nose shape Velocity independent of length Froude number dependent phenomenaUniqueness

13. Slide No. # 13 Air - Ethanol Air - Oil Rise of Taylor Bubbles – Video Recorded Results Applications Rise of Single Bubble Fall of Heavy Droplet Slug FlowLiquid Drainage

14. Slide No. # 14 Demonstration Kerosene - Water Mercury - Water

15. Slide No. # 15

16. Slide No. # 16 Fund SNEquipment/ActivityBudget (Apr ‘10 – Mar ‘11) Budget (Apr‘11 – Mar ‘12) Total (in Lakhs) 1Hardware, software and other equipment 15.0 30.0 2Manpower 4.1 8.2 3Travel 0.51.01.5 4Consumables 1.0 2.0 5Contingency 2.03.05.0 6Miscellaneous --- TOTAL 22.624.146.7