1. www.springcard.com 21/06/2016 CSF0112 1 do not copy – do not reproduce RFID and contactless cards Proximity and vicinity systems at 13.56MHz

2. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 2 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Agenda  RFID?  Near field communication principles  RFID @ 13.56MHz – the standards  Typical applications

3. www.springcard.com 21/06/2016 CSF0112 3 do not copy – do not reproduce RFID Radio Frequency IDentification

4. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 4 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce RFID IDentification (human, animal, vehicle, object, whatever) by the mean of radio frequencies Concept invented during World War II (together with RADAR): ‘Friend or Foe?’

5. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 5 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Frequencies dedicated to RFID ELF 3 Hz30 Hz300 Hz3 kHz30 kHz300 kHz3 MHz30 MHz300 MHz3 GHz30 GHz300 GHz SLFULFVLFLFMFHFVHFUHFSHFEHF 125-135 kHz  Animals ID  Automotive handfree key  Anti theft 13.56 MHz  Access control  Authentication  Small item management  Anti theft 915 MHz (US) 865-868 MHz (EU) Supply chain Large item management 2.45 GHz Trafic toll Long distance automotive access control Higher data rate Good penetration in materials  High data rate to handle with big memories, cryptography or anticollision  Not affected by fluids / organic materials Why 13.56 MHz ?

6. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 6 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce When distance matters… Working with radio waves  Maxwell’s equations to describe electric field E and magnetic field H (very complex in general case…) Two cases where ‘simple’ approximations exist:  Distance   Near field (close coupling)  H >> E  magnetic effects are dominant (Biot & Savart)  Distance    Far field  E >> H  electric effects are dominant 13.56 MHz ?  = 22.12m   = 3.5m

7. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 7 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce RFID tags 125-135 kHz  Animals ID  Automotive handfree key 13.56 MHz  Access control  Authentication  Small item management  Anti theft 915 MHz (US) 865-868 MHz (EU)  Supply chain  Large item management (pallets, containers) 2.45 GHz (active tags) Trafic toll Long distance automotive access control 1 * 30 mm 0.5 – 30 $ 1 – 5 $ 2 - 60 $ 0.2 - 2 $ Minimal order count 200 Price $ 1,60 54 * 86 mm PVC card, Mifare Classic 1k : $ 0.46 – 0.84 4k : $ 0.85 – 1.29 54 * 86 mm PVC card, EPC Class1 Gen2 Digressive price between order count 1 to 200 000 Price $ 0,75 – 1 Motion sensors Specific frames. E.g. tubular frames Anti-tamper facility Rugged, waterproof

8. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 8 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Tag / card / smartcard ?  Tag: single usage = identification  Expected to be inexpensive, read-only is OK (Unique IDentifier)  but… is it genuine?  Contactless smartcard: an high-end electronic device  Able to store large amount of data  Highest security level  but… isn’t it too expensive for identification?  Contactless memory card: somewhere in-between  Able to store decent amount of data  Security level: from zero to very good

9. www.springcard.com 21/06/2016 CSF0112 9 do not copy – do not reproduce Near field communication Distance   - RFID using inductive coupling

10. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 10 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce The transformer principle

11. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 11 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce The transformer principle  Reader generates a magnetic field (13.56 MHz carrier)  Tag is powered by the field  It also retrieves a 13.56MHz clock Reader antenna Smartcard antenna

12. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 12 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Communication  Reader modulates its carrier (amplitude)

13. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 13 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Communication  Reader modulates its carrier (amplitude)  Tag modulates its load to impact the carrier

14. www.springcard.com 21/06/2016 CSF0112 14 do not copy – do not reproduce RFID @ 13.56MHz Proximity and vicinity standards

15. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 15 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce The large 13.56MHz family Baud rate and power transfer  high memory capacity  high security capabilities ISO 15693 Vicinity cards Operating distance : 0 to 150 cm Slow baudrate : 26 kbps ‘Handfree’ ISO 14443 Proximity cards Operating distance: 0 to 10 cm Fast baudrate : 106 to 847 kbps ‘Touch’n’go’ ISO 18000-3 Item management @ 13.56 MHz ISO 18092 Near Field Communication (NFCIP-1) Track & trace applications with : supply chains objects/animals Payments/banking, mass transit, government&ID, access control, objects/persons identification, fiancial/personal information Not ISO, but… Innovatron, Felica, Mifare, etc…

16. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 16 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce The large 13.56MHz family Price = function (memory, cryptography, number of units) 0.5 – 1.3 $ 0,15 $ 2 – 15 $ ISO 14443 smartcards  High-end applications  Memory : 4 to 128 kbytes  Millions of users  Key features : security or storage capacity, or both  Reusable or long lifetime cards ISO 15693 tags  Ojects/animal Identification  Memory : 0 to 128 bytes  Trillions of items  Key features : price, price, price  Disposable tags or labels ISO 14443 memory cards  Identification or more  Memory : 0 to 4 kbytes  Billions of users  Key features : ease of use, capacity, price  Reusable or disposable tags, labels or cards

17. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 17 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

18. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 18 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce ISO 14443-A Reader to card: Card to reader: Modified Miller Encoding 100% ASK modulation (OOK) Manchester Encoding

19. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 19 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce ISO 14443-B Reader to card: Card to reader: NRZ-L Encoding NRZ Encoding 10% ASK modulation

20. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 20 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

21. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 21 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce 13.56MHz standards

22. www.springcard.com 21/06/2016 CSF0112 22 do not copy – do not reproduce Typical applications The right card for the right usage

23. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 23 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Typical applications Identity Management Ticketless Travel Loyalty Programs Building Security/Area Access Secure Network Access Information Security Healthcare Debit/Credit Card Electronic Purse Mass Transit Time and Attendance Administration Citizen card Student card Customer recognition Loyalty Drivers License Work/Entry Permits Parking Mary Carver

24. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 24 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Application map…

25. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 25 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Application map… Mary Carver

26. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 26 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce

27. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 27 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce Contact us SpringCard HEADQUARTERS, EUROPE 13 voie la Cardon Parc Gutenberg 91120 Palaiseau France Phone : +33 (0) 164 53 20 10 Fax : +33 (0) 164 53 20 18 SpringCard AMERICAS 6161 El Cajon Blvd Suite B, PMB 437 San Diego, CA 92115 USA Phone : +1 (713) 261 6746

28. 21/06/2016 CSF0112 28 www.springcard.comdo not copy – do not reproduce DISCLAIMER This document is provided for informational purposes only and shall not be construed as a commercial offer, a license, an advisory, fiduciary or professional relationship between Pro-Active and you. No information provided in this document shall be considered a substitute for your independent investigation. The information provided in document may be related to products or services that are not available in your country. This document is provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind to the extent allowed by the applicable law. While PRO ACTIVE will use reasonable efforts to provide reliable information, we don't warrant that this document is free of inaccuracies, errors and/or omissions, or that its content is appropriate for your particular use or up to date. PRO ACTIVE reserves the right to change the information at any time without notice. PRO ACTIVE does not warrant any results derived from the use of the products described in this document. PRO ACTIVE will not be liable for any indirect, consequential or incidental damages, including but not limited to lost profits or revenues, business interruption, loss of data arising out of or in connection with the use, inability to use or reliance on any product (either hardware or software) described in this document. These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these product may result in personal injury. PRO ACTIVE customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so on their own risk and agree to fully indemnify PRO ACTIVE for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. COPYRIGHT NOTICE SPRINGCARD, the SPRINGCARD logo, PRO ACTIVE and the PRO ACTIVE logo are registered trademarks of PRO ACTIVE SAS. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Reproduction without written permission of PRO ACTIVE is forbidden. All information in this document is either public information or is the intellectual property of PRO ACTIVE and/or its suppliers or partners. You are free to view and print this document for your own use only. Those rights granted to you constitute a license and not a transfer of title : you may not remove this copyright notice nor the proprietary notices contained in this documents, and you are not allowed to publish or reproduce this document, either on the web or by any mean, without written permission of PRO ACTIVE. Copyright © PRO ACTIVE SAS 2008, all rights reserved. EDITOR’S INFORMATION Published by PRO ACTIVE SAS company with a capital of 227 000 € RCS EVRY B 429 665 482 NAF 722C VAT# : FR 27 429 665 482