1. The Wireless Revolution

2. What are the principal components of telecommunications networks and key networking technologies? What are the different types of networks? How do the Internet and Internet technology work and how do they support communication and e-business? What are the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking, communication, and Internet access? Objectives

3. Digital Revolution – Device, Networking and Communication Trends Digital Convergence: Gradual merger of computing and communications Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet standards Broadband Wired: More than 74 percent U.S. Internet users have broadband access Broadband Wireless: Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless platforms What Invention Started Digital Revolution?

4. The Wireless Revolution Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments. An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones.

5. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 5

6. 6

7. 7 Two of every five U.S. households have only wireless phones.

8. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 8 Smartphone & Cellphone Feature phone 24

9. Why Wireless Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs (labor) increase mobility and flexibility better access to information easier network expansion create new products and services enhanced guest access

10. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wired Network A wired network uses cables to connect network devices Wired networks using Ethernet or coaxial cables or fiber optic cables are fast, secure, and simple to configure Devices tethered to cables have limited mobility

11. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wireless Networking  A network is considered wireless when data is transmitted from one device to another without cables or wires  Tend to be slower than wired networks  Have more security issues  Common wireless terms: › Wi-Fi - common standard technology for building home networks and other LANs › Hotspots – many businesses use Wi-Fi technology to allow the public an access point to a wireless network › Bluetooth – allows handhelds, cell phones, and other peripherals to communicate over short ranges

12. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wired vs. Wireless Wired: More about performance and security Great long-haul technology Power management is less important Point-to-point nature Wireless: More about mobility and freedom Good access technology Power management is important Broadcast nature

13. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wireless Characteristics Communication without wires Wires are replaced by electromagnetic waves, which carry a signal through atmospheric space use radio frequency RF waves, which ranges from 3 kHz to 300 GHz or infrared IR, which ranges from 3 THz to 430 THz Frequency is measured in Hertz (where one cycle per second = 1 Hertz)

14. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength & Frequency (Higher Energy) (Lower Energy) Speed of light v = λ f

15. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic Spectrum Wavelength & Frequency

16. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic spectrum of radiation is the basis of all telecommunications signals, wired (through some kind of media) and wireless (through air or vacuum) Radio-frequency (RF) spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that carries most communications signals 16 Electromagnetic Spectrum electromagnetic spectrum

17. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic Spectrum Showing Radio Frequency higher energy lower energy

18. 18 Electromagnetic Spectrum Showing Radio Frequency

19. 19 Electromagnetic Spectrum Showing Radio Frequency

20. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic Spectrum Showing Radio Frequency

21. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Electromagnetic Spectrum Showing Radio Frequency Microwave

22. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Five Types of Wireless Communications Media Infrared Transmission Sends signals using infrared light Frequencies are too low to see (1-16 megabits per second) Broadcast Radio AM/FM, CB, ham, cellphones, police radio Sends data over long distances using a transmitter and a receiver (up to 2 megabits per second) Cellular Radio Form of broadcast radio Widely used in cellphones and wireless modems Transmits voice and digital messages 22 Wireless Communications Media

23. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Five Types of Wireless Communications Media (continued) Microwave Radio Superhigh-frequency radio transmit voice and data at 45 megabits per second Requires line-of-sight transmitters and receivers to transfer data from tower to tower. More than ½ of today’s telephones systems use microwave Communications Satellites (Satellite Radio) Microwave relay stations in orbit around the earth Basis for Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Cover broad service area 23 (continued)

24. Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

25. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Radio Waves Radio waves carry music, conversations, pictures, and data invisibly through the air over millions of miles. Radios can transmit and/or receive radio waves. Wireless Signal_BBC

26. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Propagation of Radio Waves Radio waves (shortened to RF for Radio Frequency ) propagate in a straight line in several directions at once. In a vacuum, radio waves propagate at 3.10 8 m/s. In any other medium, the signal gets weaker due to Reflection Refraction Diffraction Absorption

27. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Radio Waves Signals received even though transmitters are not in the line of sight.

28. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Microwaves and Radio Waves in the Atmosphere higher energylower energy

29. © 2006 by Prentice Hall They’re Everywhere

30. © 2006 by Prentice Hall They’re Everywhere Some examples: AM/FM Radios Cell Phones GPS Receivers Wi-Fi GPS RFID ZigBee (IoT, low cost, low power) UWB (Ultra-wideband) NFC (Near Field Communication) Some other examples: Cordless Phones Garage Door Openers Radio-Controlled Toys Television Broadcasts Ham Radio Etc.

31. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Some other (not-so-obvious) examples Radar (police, air traffic control, military applications) Microwave ovens Navigation systems Airplanes (contain dozen different radio systems) Baby monitors

32. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Radio Basics Any radio setup has two parts: Transmitter and Receiver Transmitter takes some form of message (someone’s voice, pictures for TV set, etc.) encodes it into a sine wave and transmits it with radio waves. Combination of encoded message on a radio wave is commonly referred to as a signal. Receiver receives radio waves and decodes messages from the sine waves. Both transmitter and receiver use antennas to radiate and capture radio waves.

33. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Transmitter & Receiver Radio_BrainPop

34. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Transmitter & Receiver Description

35. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Transmitter Description Information (voice message) Combine Carrier Wave Radio Transmitter Antenna Radio Waves Transmitter generates its own sine wave using oscillators.

36. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Receiver Description Separate Carrier Wave Radio Receiver Antenna Information (voice message)

37. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Can be placed at different heights: GEO, MEO, LEO GEO – geostationary earth orbit 22,300 miles above earth; travel at the same speed as the earth and so appear to us to be stationary Always above equator, mostly for broadcast communications and weather satellites Transmission delay can make conversations difficult MEO – medium-earth orbit 5,000 – 10,000 miles up GPS satellites LEO – low-earth orbit 200 – 1,000 miles up Has no signal delay, International Space Station 37 Communication Satellites

38. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 38 Communication Satellites

39. © 2006 by Prentice Hall GPS: What is It? A simplistic explanation: GPS uses these “man- made stars” as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters. Uses the principle of triangulation and time-of-arrival of signals to determine the location of a GPS receiver. Global positioning System

40. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Long-Distance Wireless: One-Way Communication 24 to 32 MEO satellites in 6 orbital planes continuously transmitting timed radio signals Each satellite circles earth twice each day at 11,000 miles up GPS receivers pick up transmissions from up to 4 satellites and pinpoint the receiver’s location Accurate within 3 – 50 feet, with a norm of 10 feet accuracy 40 GPS_NASA GPS_BrainPop GPS: What is It?

41. © 2006 by Prentice Hall GPS: What is It? Each of these 3,000- to 4,000-pound solar- powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000 miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits are arranged so that at any time, anywhere on Earth, there are at least four satellites "visible" in the sky.

42. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Triangulation A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called triangulation or trilateration. Triangulation in three-dimensional space can be a little tricky, so we'll start with an explanation of simple two-dimensional trilateration.

43. © 2006 by Prentice Hall An example of 2D triangulation Imagine you are somewhere in the United States and you are TOTALLY lost -- for whatever reason, you have absolutely no clue where you are. You find a friendly local and ask, "Where am I?" He says, "You are 625 miles from Boise, Idaho." This is a nice, hard fact, but it is not particularly useful by itself. You could be anywhere on a circle around Boise that has a radius of 625 miles

44. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Where in the U.S. Am I? To pinpoint your location better, you ask somebody else where you are. She says, "You are 690 miles from Minneapolis, Minnesota.“ If you combine this information with the Boise information, you have two circles that intersect.

45. © 2006 by Prentice Hall If a third person tells you that you are 615 miles from Tucson, Arizona, you can eliminate one of the possibilities, because the third circle will only intersect with one of these points. You now know exactly where you are… Where in the U.S. Am I?

46. © 2006 by Prentice Hall You are in Denver, CO! This same concept works in three-dimensional space, as well, but you're dealing with spheres instead of circles. Where in the U.S. Am I?

47. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 3D Triangulation Fundamentally, three-dimensional trilateration is not much different from two-dimensional trilateration, but it's a little trickier to visualize. Imagine the radii from the examples in the last section going off in all directions. So instead of a series of circles, you get a series of spheres.

48. © 2006 by Prentice Hall GPS Triangulation If you know you are 10 miles from satellite A in the sky, you could be anywhere on the surface of a huge, imaginary sphere with a 10-mile radius. Earth 10 miles

49. © 2006 by Prentice Hall If you also know you are 15 miles from satellite B, you can overlap the first sphere with another, larger sphere. The spheres intersect in a perfect circle. 10 miles 15 miles GPS Triangulation

50. © 2006 by Prentice Hall The circle intersection implies that the GPS receiver lies somewhere in a partial ring on the earth. Possible Locations of GPS Receiver Perfect circle formed from locating two satellites GPS Triangulation

51. © 2006 by Prentice Hall If you know the distance to a third satellite, you get a third sphere, which intersects with this circle at two points. GPS Triangulation

52. © 2006 by Prentice Hall The Earth itself can act as a fourth sphere -- only one of the two possible points will actually be on the surface of the planet, so you can eliminate the one in space. Receivers generally look to four or more satellites, however, to improve accuracy and provide precise altitude information. GPS Triangulation

53. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Typical GPS Applications Location - determining a basic position Navigation - getting from one location to another Tracking - monitoring the movement of people and things. Mapping - creating maps of the world Timing - bringing precise timing to the world

54. © 2006 by Prentice Hall GPS Trilateration GPS-How GPS Works-Trilateration

55. Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Using artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth.

56. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Devices for Wireless Transmission: Paging systems E-mail handhelds Cellular telephones Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) Smart phones Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

57. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Standards: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular Network Standards and Generations Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution How Do Cell Phones Work Cell Phone_BrainPop

58. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Frequency reuse – same frequency in many cell sites Cellular expansion – easy to add new cells Handover – moving between cells Roaming between networks Cellular Principles

59. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 59 Frequency Reuse Adjacent cells assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk Objective is to reuse frequency in nearby cells 10 to 50 frequencies assigned to each cell Transmission power controlled to limit power at that frequency escaping to adjacent cells The issue is to determine how many cells must intervene between two cells using the same frequency

60. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 60 Cellular Network Organization Use multiple low-power transmitters (100 W or less) Areas divided into cells Each served by its own antenna Served by base station consisting of transmitter, receiver, and control unit Band of frequencies allocated Cells set up such that antennas of all neighbors are equidistant (hexagonal pattern)

61. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 1G WIRELESS SYSTEMS The geographical area divided into cells Each with own antenna Each with own range of frequencies Served by base station - Transmitter, receiver, control unit to carry out actual radio communications with the device Adjacent cells on different frequencies to avoid crosstalk Mobile Switching Center - Controls all calls attached to this device, Maintains billing information &Switches calls PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

62. 62 possible radio coverage of the cell idealized shape of the cell cell segmentation of the area into cells Cell of Cellular Network Use of several carrier frequencies Not the same frequency in adjoining cells Cell sizes vary from some 100 m up to 35 km depending on user density, geography, transceiver power etc. Hexagonal shape of cells is idealized (cells overlap, shapes depend on geography) If a mobile user changes cells, handover of the connection to the neighbor cell

63. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Call Stages Mobile unit initialization Mobile-originated call Paging Call accepted Ongoing call Handoff

64. 64 Cellphone Connection Stages

65. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Cell Phone Towers A cell-phone tower is typically a steel pole or lattice structure that rises hundreds of feet into the air. This tower is used by three different cell-phone providers.

66. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s Based on analog system for voice Speed up to 2.4 kbps AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile system Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country 1G

67. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s Based on digital system Speed up to 64 kbps Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity Semi global facility Can use TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) or CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for increasing capacity 2G

68. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Refers to a mobile phone that supports the four major GSM frequency bands (850/900/1800/1900 MHz), making it compatible with all the major GSM networks in the world. The 850/1900 MHz bands are mainly used in the US, while the 900/1800 MHz ones are available in most other countries worldwide. GSM QUAD BAND

69. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 2.5 G – packet-switching Connection to the internet is paid by packets and not by connection time. Connection to internet is cheaper and faster The service name is GPRS – General Packet Radio Services Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE): 2.75G 2.5G

70. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 14 Mbps Superior voice quality Supports video and other rich media Always-on transmission for e-maill, Web browsing, instant messaging, On-line shopping/ banking, games, etc. Global roaming 3G

71. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Developed in 2010 Faster & more reliable All-IP based technology Speed up to 100 Mbps High performance Easy roaming Low cost LTE (Long Term Evolution) Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps Based on UMTS 3G technology Optimized for All-IP traffic 4G

72. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Next major phase of mobile telecommunication & wireless system 10 times more capacity than others Expected speed up to 1Gbps More faster & reliable than 4G Lower cost than previous generations Commercially available by around 2020 5G

73. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

74. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Rate Mobility 2G3G4G 802.11b WLAN 2G Cellular Other Tradeoffs: Rate vs. Coverage Rate vs. Delay Rate vs. Cost Rate vs. Energy Fundamental Design Breakthroughs Needed

75. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Data rate comparison 75

76. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Evolution towards 4G

77. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Evolution towards 4G

78. © 2006 by Prentice Hall 4G Wireless Technology

79. Internet Users

80. Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

81. 1.To watch one minute of a YouTube video? a.800 KB b.100 MB c.2 MB 2.To upload a photo to your Facebook page? a.7 MB b.500 KB c.1 GB WirelessED: Created by Consumer Action. Sponsored by AT&T © Consumer Action 201181 How much data does it take…?

82. Based on the data calculator from AT&T Mobility. Actual data used per activity can vary significantly. WirelessED: Created by Consumer Action. Sponsored by AT&T © Consumer Action 201182 Data estimates for common smartphone activities

83. Activity/FunctionData UsedActivity/FunctionData used Send/receive 1 text-only email 20 KB Stream 1 minute of music 500 KB Send/receive 1 photo email 350 KB Stream 1 minute of standard-quality video 2 MB Send/receive 1 email w/doc attachment 300 KB Download 1 app, game or song 4 MB View 1 Web page180 KB Upload/download 1 file to/from social media 500 KB Based on the data calculator from AT&T Mobility. Actual data used per activity can vary significantly. WirelessED: Created by Consumer Action. Sponsored by AT&T © Consumer Action 201183 Data estimates for common smartphone activities

84. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Chapter 6: The Internet84 The Big 20-Year Change = People Connected 24/7 with Mobile Devices The Wireless Revolution

85. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Global PC Sales – 2015 Global PC shipments totaled 276.2 million in 2015, a 10.4 percent plunge from the 308.3 million recorded the year before, research firm the International Data Corporation (IDC), said on Jan 12, 2016. It is the first time shipments have dipped below 300 million since 2008. PC shipments continue downward spiral for 4 successive years

86. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution (where we buy 1.6 billion PCs every five years).

87. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Chapter 6: The Internet87

88. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wireless Network

89. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wireless Network

90. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): the wireless equivalent of TCP/IP, uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and micro browsers I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

91. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Figure 9-4 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

92. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. Global Wireless Network Standards: IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN) IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the wireless Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

93. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Bluetooth Designed for personal use over short distances Low-bandwidth technology, with speeds of up to 722 Kbps Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area Consumes very little power Devices can discover each other and exchange information automatically Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

94. A Bluetooth Network (PAN) WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Figure 9-5 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

95. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac 802.11“g” maxed out at 54 Mbps; and “n” offers 300 Mbps. The latest 802.11ac (Gigabit Wi-Fi) offers more than 1 Gbps. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): the wireless equivalent of TCP/IP, uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and micro browsers Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

96. An 802.11 Wireless LAN WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Figure 9-6 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

97. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

98. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

99. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Wi-Fi Tips If your high-speed Internet provider offers bandwidth up to 100 Mbps, then even with your 802.11n router, it will stay at 100 Mbps. If there are 10 computers downloading at full speed all the time, it will split the Internet resources into 10 parts, with everyone only able to have 10 Mbps at once.

100. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Cellular Data Services Portable Wi-Fi hotspot, also known as MiFi, is a brand name for a compact, mobile, wireless router offered by Novatel Wireless Some cell phones, such as the Droid X and iPhone, can act as a portable Wi-Fi hotspot by becoming the router for a wireless network Chapter 6: The Internet 100

101. © 2006 by Prentice Hall Internet Tethering Tethering is when you turn you smartphone into a mobile Wi-Fi hotspot and share your phones 3G/4G data connection. You don't have to use Wi-Fi to share your phone's internet connection: some allow you to connect a laptop (possibly even a tablet) via a USB cable. Drawback? Data usage,Power drain

102. WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution infrastructure network ad-hoc network AP wired network AP: Access Point

103. Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless supply chain management systems: Provide simultaneous accurate information about demand, supply, production, and logistics as goods move among supply chain partners Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

104. How RFID Works WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Figure 9-10 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

105. Wireless Applications: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) retrieval Wireless note taking for patient charts Lab test results Prescription generation Medical databases WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless in Health Care Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

106. Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing Wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Networks of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

107. Pervasive computing: Wireless technologies are pushing computing into every facet of life, including cars, homes, office buildings, tools and factories; providing connections anywhere and anytime. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing (Continued)

108. A Wireless Sensor Network WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Figure 9-11 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Source: From Jason Hill, Mike Horton, Ralph King, and Lakshman Krishnamurthy, “The Platforms Enabling Wireless Sensor Networks,” Communications of the ACM 47, no. 6 (June 2004).

109. MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Opportunities: Wireless technology offers: Flexible business processes Business processes not limited by time or space New channel for communicating with client Source of new products and services Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

110. MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Challenges: Integrating wireless technology into the firm’s IT infrastructure Maintaining security and privacy Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

111. MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Solution Guidelines: Identifying areas in which wireless can provide value Creating a management framework for wireless technology Using a pilot program before full-scale rollout of wireless systems Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution The following are some of the guidelines for managing mobile technology in the enterprise: