1. Associate Prof. Meral TOPCU SULAK mtopcu@karabuk.edu.tr

2.  Introduction  Karabuk City  Study Area Description  Materials and Methods  Results  Conclusions Contents 2

3. Water is an essential component for life on Earth, which contains minerals extremely important in human nutrition. However, the dramatic increase in population resulted in an enormous consumption of the world’s water reserves. Water issues are multi-dimensional including economical, social, political and cultural aspects. 3 Introduction

4. Rapid urbanization and increasing populations have accelerated the consumption of water resources and caused serious environmental problems in the last few decades. Numerous studies have shown serve water pollution, as well as adverse effects caused by exploitation, such as land subsidence, water ecosystem degradation, land desertification, drinking water pollution and associated human health risk. 4 Introduction

5. The United Nations Millennium Declaration adopted the goal of reducing by half the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by the 2015. The supply of safe potable water has a significant impact on the prevention of water transmissible diseases. The abundance of organic compounds, toxic chemicals, radionuclides, nitrites and nitrates in potable water may cause adverse effects on the human health. It is essential to constantly monitor water quality used for drinking purposes. Contamination of potable water with chemical polluntants has a considerable impact on the Turkey population health. 5 Introduction

6. Karabuk, Zonguldak and Bartın are in the western black sea region of the Turkey, about 220 km from Ankara. 6 Study Area Description

7. Karabük is a town and the capital district of Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. According to the 2009 census, population of the city is 108 167. The district covers an area of 760 km 2, and the town lies at an elevation of 354. Karabük was built in the 1930s as the seat of the iron and steel industry of Turkey. Karabük lies in a location near Filyos River formed by the merge of Araç and Soğanlı rivers. 7 Karabuk City…

8. Sampling Area The drinking water samples were collected from 3 different cities, 12 different locations in western black sea, Turkey. 8 Fig. 1. Map of a sampling area in the western black sea, Turkey.

9. Results (Surface Water) PARAMETER SAMPLE ID A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12AB-1AB-2AB-3 Oil- Gres, ppm 0,6000,4000,600 2,400 0,8002,0000,600 2,800 0,8001,8000,8002,000 1,8002,4001,000 Colour, Pt-Co 3,125 5,510 4,1884,601 5,283 4,1369,1364,7526,6294,143 8,138 8,233 5,418 2,770 11,972 pH 8,178,168,38,33 o 8,18,03 8,55 8,398,468,378,448,478,488,45 8,54 SS, ppm 0,8500,9000,7003,2002,4501,7500,4002,8503,4501,2501,05011,7503,7500,7000,200 P, ppm 0,0180,0170,0100,0150,0250,0220,0260,1360,0910,0120,0550,0210,011 0,0360,033 NH 4 +, ppm 0,006 0,0250,0200,0302,1151,8572,3760,9700,0010,0090,1720,0090,1930,074 COD, ppm 5,3001,4005,3001,0000,9000,7000,80014,1006,8001,5001,3007,7005,3005,1006,400 Y.A.M, ppm 0,0020,003 0,0050,0040,0050,0080,0030,0020,0040,0080,0020,0040,002 Cr 6+, ppm 0,0290,0110,0050,006 0,0010,002 0,0010,0080,0140,0080,0050,0030,007 Cd, ppb 1,9621,4110,9500,8540,6520,2710,3890,5090,4420,4080,4930,8400,4440,3870,395 Co, ppb 1,5430,4821,7440,4041,3190,6430,4861,5330,7970,8240,2321,1611,2700,1260,819 Cr, ppb 2,2911,5942,8781,5291,9681,7552,4011,5991,9671,2751,1170,9420,6660,3871,086 Cu, ppb 0,5740,3600,3100,1720,4682,8541,1181,5240,7320,6070,7560,1380,8350,2090,135 Fe, ppb 8,8499,5141,7165,3896,30163,27328,92023,97028,3382,05582,78323,571457,2405,37543,686 Ni, ppb 0,3430,2290,8340,0070,7480,6530,2430,3020,7071,6520,4730,3141,1970,6720,108 Pb, ppb 19,77230,66929,64431,25221,80319,68612,30820,43814,63615,3684,71818,4571,46522,46023,627 Çinko, ppb 4,25864,86416,37390,65623,44933,45716,24531,08624,4835,40014,5454,7106,6453,5916,862 9

10. 10 Results (Potable Water) Western Black Sea (ZONGULDAK) Standarts ParameterEreğliDevrekKozlu Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) 0,3600,2300,360 2555 Total Coliform 0,000 <10 F-F- 0,3120,2470,268 1.5 0,7-2,4 NO 3 - 0,2160,5600,148 50 Hg <0,001 00 Colour(Co-Pt ) 2,9342,6492,397 2015 pH 7,767,77/ 19,8 o 7,64/ 21,0 o 6.5-9.56.5-8.56.5-9.5 SO 4 -2 7,54655,45022,616 250 Ca 46,09278,55768,136 200 Hardness(CaCO 3 ) 142,500157,000102,500 500 Mg 96,40878,443 34,364 50 CI - 9,9977,498 250 K 1,549391,773070,88209 12 Ag 0,0004930,0012140,000583 0.010.05 Al 0,134390,1936270,030718 0.20 1 As 0,0059760,0084260,009784 0.01 Ba 0,1736420,0802280,07823 0.03 1 Cd 0,0001990,0004870,000391 0.0050.003 Cr(Total) 0,0033380,0020460,000858 0.05 Cu 0,000840,0030190,001516 310 Fe 0,0407620,0409090,01518 0.20.30.2 Mn 0,0010990,001210,000548 0.050.10.05 Pb 0,0002840,0032470,004216 0.01 Sb 0,0081710,0020020,006673 0.005 Se 0,001810,0093080,007816 0.0100.01 Zn 0,120450,0252040,020785 55

11. Western Black Sea (BARTIN) Standarts ParameterAmasra Merkez Orduyeri Ulus Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) 0,7300,430 2555 Total Coliform 0,000 <10 F-F- 0,2560,3250,2941.5 0,7-2,4 NO 3 - 0,2330,4770,36550 Hg <0,001 00 Colour(Co-Pt ) 3,1792,5413,1992015 pH 7,977,537,916.5-9.56.5-8.56.5-9.5 SO 4 -2 10,19312,9671,955250 Ca 70,54086,17274,148200 Hardness(CaCO 3 ) 137,500142,500122,500500 Mg66,96056,328 48,352 50 CI - 2,499 7,4981,249 250 K 0,939582 1,619010,453968 12 Ag 0,000775 0,0010060,00019 0.010.05 Al 0,014505 0,1746030,096023 0.20 1 As 0,007218 0,0081030,007066 0.01 Ba 0,054991 0,1482910,1237210.03 1 Cd 0,000144 0,0001750,000329 0.0050.003 Cr(Total) 0,000931 0,0004650,000229 0.05 Cu 0,000917 0,0000810,013254 310 Fe 0,027326 0,0315440,022861 0.20.30.2 Mn 0,002431 0,0003730,000016 0.050.10.05 Pb 0,003734 0,0015970,002415 0.01 Sb 0,002161 0,0020850,002087 0.005 Se 0,002937 0,0020520,001676 0.0100.01 Zn 0,021346 0,0183860,174294 55 11 Results (Potable Water)

12. Western Black Sea (KARABUK) Standarts ParameterMerkezEskipazarEflaniYenice Turkish Standardization Institute WHO EPA Turbidity (NTU birimi) 0.1500.3600.570.3102555 Total Coliform0000<10 F-F- 0.2260.3480.2670.2841.5 0,7-2,4 NO 3 - 0.8950.5090.1190.31050 Hg<0.001 00 Colour(Co-Pt )2.5012.3072.231.9072015 pH7.377.558.098.246.5-9.56.5-8.56.5-9.5 SO 4 -2 26.812.744.78535,69250 Ca62.1292.1826.0264.12200 Hardness(CaCO 3 )190170117.5142.5500 Mg 187.2777.8191.4478.37 50 CI - 4.992.49 250 K2.070.721.721.1912 Ag0.00160.001 0.00010.010.05 Al0.00150.00980.0380.0880.20 1 As0.00810.00690.006 0.01 Ba 0.04960.0540.1240.119 0.031 Cd0.00040.00030.00020.00030.0050.003 Cr(Total)0.00230.0110.0010.00070.05 Cu0.00240.0010.00050.0026310 Fe0.0270.0260.1090.240.20.30.2 Mn0.001900.0020.00050.050.10.05 Pb0.00350.00030.0030.00240.01 Sb0.00020.00380.0070.00020.005 Se0.00510.00310.0170.00070.0100.01 Zn0.19150.0600.0180.027 55 12 Results (Potable Water)

13. Conclusions Several drinking water samples had values of EC, essential and trace elements are suitable the National Turkish and WHO drinking water standards. Ba and Mg concentrations exceed the guidelines for safe water for three cities (Karabuk, Zonguldak, Bartın). Western black sea region has hardness water. The parameters monitored in drinking water during the study satisfy the standards (set by WHO, EPA, EU, and the relevant Turkish Regulations) except for Ba and Mg. 13