1. Importance of implementing Traditional Siddha Ethics as proved by Scientific Parameters Su bt itl e A.SHAKTHI PAARGAVI S.THANALAKSHMI N.S.PRIYA DEVI T.SASI PRIYA THOMAS M.WALTER Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tamilnadu.

2. Traditional Siddha Indian Medicine The Traditional Siddha system of medicine is an antiquity of the Tamilnadu. Its based on the literature written by great Siddhars – founders of this system. This system of medicine is based on the concept of Tri -Dhosa & 96 Thathuvas (Philosophies). The treatment of medicine is classified into internal and external medicines.

3. Medications According to Traditional Indian system of medicine Its is classified into two types namely :  External medicines  Internal medicines. External medicine is further classified into thirty two types. Similarly Internal medicine is also classified into thirty two types.

4. Background And Purpose Speciality of Traditional Siddha Indian Medicine lies in the fact that the Physician themselves can prepare their own medicines for clinical practice. Unlike Modern Medicine practioner heavily rely upon Multi-national Pharma companies for their prescription needs, AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy) Physicians can confidently prepare and dispense medicines made by themselves.

5. Purification Process In The Life New born Dead body

6. Methods of Purification of Herbal components Heating Mixing & Adding WashingCombiningSeparating Cooling Purification is an important process in Siddha system which is used not only to remove or eliminate the unwanted and contaminated foreign toxins inherited in the drug but also to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.

7. Advantages of Purification 1. Helps to remove the toxins. 2. Helps to remove the unwanted materials 3. Helps to remove foreign bodies.

8. Contd… 4. This process is used to make the preparation easy. 5. The same is also being used to enrich the medicine. 6. It brings about required physical and chemical changes

9. Siddha Pharmacology – Base powders (Choorana). The Materia Medica of Siddha medicine has concepts defining the preparation of medicines which include Standard Operative Procedures (SOP) to be followed. Among the thirty two types of internal Siddha medicines “choorana” is given as the base for further combinations.

10. Contd… Choorana is usually prepared out of herbs and has a shelf life of three months. According to the production ethics of choorana, the Siddha literature very clearly states that the end product should be subjected to a process known as “Pittavial”

11. Ethics In Pittavial (Purification) Process Pittavial is a process done to purify raw herbal components. It ensures the assurance of quality and enrichment as per Siddha ethics. But in the present day many of the Physicians and Production units skip this process because of the belief that this process is of little value and time consuming.

12. Contd… The authors of this paper decided to prove the importance of this “Pittavial” process through scientific parameters. For this purpose Ashwagandha choorana (root powder of Winter cherry) was selected.

13. Other Ethical Procedure In Traditional Indian System of Medicine Like pittavial process, there is one more important ethical guidelines in collecting the root of plants for the preparation of the drugs. This process is known as “Kaapu kattal” in this process North directed root should be collected for medicinal purpose due to the concept,Lord Shiva and Lordess Parvathi are present in that direction. But, According to scientific reasons the north directed root is collected due to high magnetic attraction by the earths core.Thus the use of north directed root is used to increase the efficacy of the preparing medicine

14. Kaapu kattal Siddhars had their own special techniques to collect plants for their special medicine preparing process. Such a method is known as “Kappukkattuthal” (Kappukattuthal means preparing and acquiring the particular plant for his professional requirements)..

15. Kappu kattuthal – continued This process involves three different stages in a well defined manner. 1. Kappu Kattuthal. 2. Removing the curse 3. Giving Life It is evident from the literatures that this particular technique was strictly followed in Rasavatham (Alchemy) and medicine preparation process during those ancient days.

16. Ashwagandha Botanical name: Withania somnifera Common name : Winter cherry Tamil name : Amukkra Malayalam name: Amukkuram

17. Contd… Telugu: Pulivendram, Panneru-gadda Kannada:Viremaddlinagadde, Pannaeru Note: Ashwa is the Sanskrit word for Horse. This plant has the odour of horse.

18. Ashwagandha Choorana (Root Powder of Winter cherry) This is a single herb choorana. This is different from the usually available market sample which is poly herbal in composition. Yet it has same convincing action to the available market sample. This powder in the dose of 500 mg to 1 gram when given along with honey or milk in cases of Eight types of Ulcers(A.P.D), Hepato-splenomegaly, Anaemia,,sedative Leucorrhoea. Increases body weight.

19. MATERIALS & METHODS This paper attempts to scientifically prove the differences between the ethically prepared and routinely prepared medicine..

20. Contd… Two samples of Ashwagandha choorana were prepared. The first sample (S1)was prepared by the regular method and the other sample (S2) was prepared by the Ethical Pittavial process. Both were subjected to Phyto-chemical analysis and the results are discussed

21. Alkaloids - Dragendroff’s test GLYCOSIDES TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of alkaloid(++) S2Presence of alkaloid(++) FLAVANOIDS- TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of Flavanoid(+) S2Absence of Flavanoid ANTHRAQUINONES- Mayers, dragendroff TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of anthraquinones(++) S2Presence of anthraquinones(++) TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of glycosides(++) S2Absence of glycosides TERPENOIDS TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of terpenoids(++) S2Presence of terpenoids(++) SAPONINS TESTINFERENCE S1Absence of saponins S2Absence of saponins Qualitative Analysis

22. Alkaloids - Dragendroff’s test TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of alkaloid(++) S2Presence of alkaloid(++) Role of Alkaloids: local anaesthetic properties, analgesics, anti- malarial, anti-spasmodics, for pupil dilation, treatment of hypertension, mental disorders and tumours. Inference: No significant changes were observed in both samples.

23. Qualitative Analysis FLAVANOIDS TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of Flavanoid(+) S2Absence of Flavanoid Properties of Flavanoids Anti-cancer properties Anti-oxidant properties Cardio tonic properties Anti-thromobotic properties Liver –tonic properties Anti –inflammatory properties Analgesic properties Anti microbial properties Inference: The qualitative results indicate the absence of Flavanoids in the ethical preparation (S2). On the other hand, Quantitative analysis reveals an increase in the Total Flavanoid count.

24. Qualitative Analysis ANTHRAQUINONES- Mayers, dragendroff TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of anthraquinones(++) S2Presence of anthraquinones(++) Actions of Anthraquinones: Laxative action Anti cancer action Anti inflammatory action Anti malarial action Anti-neo plastics action Inference: No significant changes were observed in both samples.

25. Qualitative Analysis GLYCOSIDES TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of glycosides(++) S2Absence of glycosides Importance of Glycosides. Cardio-tonic Inference: Glycosides were not present in the second sample (Ethically prepared).

26. Qualitative Analysis TERPENOIDS TESTINFERENCE S1Presence of terpenoids(++) S2Presence of terpenoids(++) Terpenoids are useful in treating: Infections of viral, bacterial and fungal origin, dermatomes, indolent neoplasm's, sunburn, burns and swollen joints. Inference: No significant changes were observed in both samples.

27. Qualitative Analysis SAPONINS TESTINFERENCE S1Absence of saponins S2Absence of saponins Activities of saponins Cholesterol reducing activity Reduce cancer risk Immunity booster Antioxidant activity Cardiac Properties Inference: No significant changes were observed in both samples

28. Quantitative Analysis TOTAL FLAVANOID ESTIMATION Name of sample OD at 510nm S1 0.205 S2 0.567 Name of samples OD at 575 nm No. of gram equivalence of gallic acid S1 0.220240 S2 0.553600 TOTAL PHENOL ESTIMATION

29. Interpretations of Quantitative Analysis Both the samples were screened for the quantitative estimation of total Flavanoid and total phenols. The results show a definite increase of both in ethically prepared sample (S2). So its inferred that the ethically pittavial process has increased the efficacy of the drug.

30. DISCUSSION In a world where every thing is expressed through evidence based scientific parameters, it becomes essential to validate the traditional Indian systems of medicine also. Equally important thing is not to deviate from basic ethical guidelines. Keeping these things in mind, the Authors’ of this Paper subjected a Traditional Siddha preparation, ‘Ashwagandha choorana’ to Phyto- chemical analysis in order to validate the ethical purification process which is often left over by those preparing this medicine.

31. Discussion continued The results very clearly shows that the ethical preparation exhibits more quantitative presence of Total Flavanoid and Total Phenols which are beneficial to Health and also facilitates the curing properties of the medicine. “ belief is death of knowledge “

32. CONCLUSION Although the qualitative does not show much favorable results,the quantitative results makes it evident that the ethical pittavial process has enriched the medicine. Hence following the ethical guidelines in the medicine preparation and purification becomes mandatory as proved by the scientific parameters. “We are not going to discover anything new,it is only going to be the re- discoveries of what is already said in the traditional Indian literatures- perhaps in Western Terminologies and Parameters”.

33. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My grateful thanks to my lecturer, “Dr.Thomas M.Walter and Mrs. Sweety Nirmala” Sincere Thanks to Principal of Santhagiri Siddha Medical College, Dr. Ambai Arunachalam. My gratifying thanks to my college senior, “Mr.S.Merish” My hearty thanks to my ‘’my family“,‘’co-authors” Last but not least, I would like to thank my crew.

34. Thank You for your endurance