1. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Spectra of procaine HCl, the ingredients of the formulations (a) and of skin that was incubated with the formulations (b). Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

2. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Representative images of ex vivo cross-sections of skin incubated with a formulation that contained procaine HCl (a) microscopic image; the box indicates the area from which the Raman scan was made (b) color-coded CRM image [top layer: skin(b)] (c) color- coded CRM image (top layer: procaine) (d) color scale bars (e) spectra extracted from the spots indicated in (c). Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

3. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Scheme of the experimental setup for cryosegmentation of the skin. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

4. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Permeation of procaine through porcine skin. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

5. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Representative images of ex vivo cross sections of skin incubated with a formulation that contained procaine HCl and POE-23-lauryl ether (a) microscopic image; the box indicates the area from which the Raman scan was made (b) color-coded CRM image [top layer: skin(b)] (c) color-coded CRM image (top layer: procaine) (d) color scale bars (d) spectra extracted from the spots indicated in (c). Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

6. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Representative images of ex vivo cross sections of skin incubated with a formulation that contained procaine HCl and propylene glycol (a) microscopic image; the box indicates the area from which the Raman scan was made (b) color-coded CRM image [top layer: skin(b)] (c) color-coded CRM image (top layer: procaine) (d) color scale bars (d) spectra extracted from the spots indicated in (c). Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

7. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Spectra extracted from Fig. 3(b) by k-means cluster analysis. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

8. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Representative images of an ex vivo cross section of postauricular porcine skin. (a) microscopic image; the box indicates the area from which the Raman scan was made (b) color-coded CRM image (c) color scale bars (d) spectra extracted from the spots indicated in (b). Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

9. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Comparison of the CRM-spectra of the ingredients of the placebo formulation with POE-23-lauryl ether, the skin and skin incubated with this formulation. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

10. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Penetration of procaine into porcine skin. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

11. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Illustration of the procedure to extract the spectrum at the position with the highest spectral intensity. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

12. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Comparison of the CRM-spectra of the ingredients of the placebo formulation without enhancer, the skin and skin incubated with this formulation. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015

13. Date of download: 6/21/2016 Copyright © 2016 SPIE. All rights reserved. Comparison of the CRM-spectra of the ingredients of the placebo formulation with propylene glycol, the skin and skin incubated with this formulation. Figure Legend: From: Confocal Raman microscopic investigation of the effectiveness of penetration enhancers for procaine delivery to the skin J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19(12):126015. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126015