1. Performer - Culture & Literature Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2012 The English Renaissance The Tudors and James I

2. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 1. The Tudor Dynasty Henry VII (1485-1509) Henry VIII (1509-1547) Mary I (1547-1553) Edward VI (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

3. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 2. Henry VII (1485-1509) Came to the English throne when the War of the Roses ended. First monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Under his rule: peace and prosperity - He laid the foundations of English Humanism - Army and navy were recognised and put under the direct control of the king; - Political alliances: marriage between his son Arthur and the Spanish princess, Catherine of Aragon. + marriage between his daughter Margaret and James IV of Scotland

4. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 2. Henry VII (1485-1509) Strengthened the monarchy and turned England into a modern State. Aimed at increasing and reinforcing England’s trading position.(a mercantile fleet was created) Laid the foundations of English naval power by increased spending on shipbuilding merchant fleet+ army +navy= military power.

5. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 3. Henry VIII (1509-1547) Henry VII’s second son. Had all gifts of body and mind thought necessary for a prince: he was a soldier, a poet, a musician, and a good horseman. Called the ‘Golden Prince’ both for his natural good looks and his chivalry. His reign was welcomed as the beginning of a new Golden Age He supported the Catholic cause against Martin Luther  proclaimed ‘Defender of the Faith’ by the Pope.

6. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 3. Henry VIII (1509-1547) Married Catherine of Aragon who bore him a daughter, Mary. Asked the Pope for a divorce to marry his pregnant mistress Anne Boleyn. Broke with Rome when the Pope refused and declared himself ‘Supreme Head of the Church of England’ with the Act of Supremacy (1534). Dissolved the monasteries, taking their wealth. Ireland remained a Catholic country. Beginning of the Irish question.

7. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 3. Henry VIII (1509-1547) With the Reformation the old aristocracy of feudal origin and Catholic sympathies was gradually replaced by a new Protestant aristocracy linked to the Tudors by the purchase of the land confiscated by the monasteries Also the mercantile and commercial middle class tended to favour Protestantism. England claimed its autonomy in the domains of politics and religion  against the great Catholic powers of Europe (France and Spain).

8. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 3. Henry VIII (1509-1547) Anne Boleyn gave him a second daughter, Elizabeth. Henry had four more wives and one son, Edward, later Edward VI, from his third wife.

9. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature Henry VIII’s policy met with several opponents (and victims): Sir Thomas More, great humanist and author of Utopia The young poet and diplomat the Earl of Surrey Two of his wives: Ann Boleyn and Cathrine Howard, accused of being unfaithful and sentenced to death

10. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 4. Edward VI (1547-1553) The son of Jane Seymour (3 rd wife) and Henry VIII. Radical Protestantism. Introduced The Book of Common Prayer in English.

11. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 5. Mary I (1547-1553) The daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Refused to abandon the Catholic faith. Tried to restore England to papal obedience. Married the Catholic Philip of Spain. The burning of Protestants earned her the nickname ‘Bloody Mary’ and alienated public opinion. Died without an heir.

12. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn’s daughter. Became queen of a divided nation, the majority of which was anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish. She was twenty-five and had a strong personality, a lively intelligence and a passionate character. She had received an excellent education: she could speak French, Latin and Italian.

13. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Her Church of England restored the country firmly to Protestantism, yet she granted Catholics freedom of worship. Was unmarried and used this as a political weapon. Said that ‘the Queen was married to her people’ and became the ‘Virgin Queen’.

14. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Went on royal progresses to be seen and to get to know her people. Inspired literature, music, drama and poetry. Recognised Spain as her main trade rival and enemy. Expanded exploration and overseas trade.

15. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 6. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Encouraged sea-captains Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh in their piracy against Spanish ships and took a share of the profits. Defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. Laid the basis of England’s empire chartering seven companies – including the East India Company – to colonise in the name of trade.

16. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 7. James I (1603-1625) Elizabeth died in 1603 without heirs. James VI of Scotland became the first Stuart king in England with the title of James I. Was a Protestant. Summoned Parliament only to ask for money. Interested in witchcraft. In his treatise Daemonologie (1597) he declared his belief in black magic. Based his rule on the theory of the ‘ divine right of kings ’.

17. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 8. James I and the Puritans Religion was the most urgent problem of his reign. Catholics barred from public life and fined if they refused to attend the Church of England. Extreme Protestants, called Puritans, disapproved of the rites and bishops of the Church of England.

18. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 8. James I and the Puritans Puritans had a high sense of duty and morality A hundred of them – the Pilgrim Fathers – applied for a government patent to colonise New England In 1620 they left England for America on the Mayflower and founded New Plymouth.

19. The English Renaissance: The Tudors and James I Performer - Culture & Literature 8. The Gunpowder Plot James I authorised a new translation of the Bible in 1604. In 1605 some radical Catholics plotted to blow up the king in the Houses of Parliament. The failure of the Gunpowder Plot is commemorated in England on 5th November. Children have fireworks and burn effigies of Guy Fawkes, one of the conspirators, on large fires.