1. The Southern Colonies Chapter 4 Section 3

2. Setting the Scene In 1763, two English surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began a journey that lasted nearly 4 years. They wanted to survey the 244 mile boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland. What did they use? How did they use them? Define the Mason-Dixon Line.

3. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland In 1632, Sir George Calvert persuaded King Charles I to grant him land for a colony. What had happened to Calvert? What was his plan? What did he name his colony? To honor who? Was Calvert able to go to his colony? Who did in his place?

4. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland In the spring of 1634, 200 colonist landed along the upper Chesapeake Bay across what other southern English colony? What was the Chesapeake Bay full of? What were the Virginian’s doing that the new Maryland settlers wanted to do also? What did they avoid?

5. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland What was their first town called? Who was the proprietor and later governor of Maryland? What role did he give the colonists in the government? Maryland also had land grants to anyone who brought over servants, women, and children. Two sisters took advantage of this incentive.

6. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland Margaret and Mary Brent arrived in Maryland in 1638 with 9 male servants. They set up a plantation of 1,000 acres. What did Margaret help prevent? What did Lord Baltimore do to ensure that the colony continued to grow? Later, Baltimore feared that Protestants would persecute Catholics for their religion.

7. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland In 1649, what act was passed? What did this law provide? Meanwhile, more and more settlers came to Virginia and pushed Indians off their lands. As a result there were many bloody battles between settlers and Indians. The governor did not want to do anything, why?

8. Lord Baltimore’s Colony of Maryland In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon a young planter organized a group of angry men and women. What did he do? What was this uprising known as? How long did it last? The governor hung 23 of his followers. What could the governor not stop from happening?

9. The Carolinas In 1663, a group of English nobles received a grant of lands from King Charles II. These lands were divided into north and south. Who was in the north? They tended to have small farms. What did the north become known as?

10. The Carolinas In the southern part of the lands 8 nobles set up a larger colony. What was the largest settlement? Later the name was shortened to what? In 1719, this area became South Carolina. Who were the earliest settlers? After the earliest settlers who came next?

11. The Carolinas In 1685, a few planters discover how to grow rice. However, they could not grow enough to make a profit until they bought slaves. Eventually Carolina rice was sold around the world. What else did they learn to grow? What did it make? Who were the first slaves? What happened to them?

12. The Carolinas By the 1700’s, most of the people coming to South Carolina were African slaves. Soon African slaves out numbered European settlers 2-1. South Carolina was the only mainland colony that its population was made up of a majority of African Americans.

13. Georgia The last of the 13 colonies was the southern part of what other colony? Who founded Georgia in 1732? What did he want? What could happen under English law? If the debtors ever got out of jail they often had no where to live and no money. What did he offer the debtors?

14. Georgia In 1733, James and 120 colonists built the colony’s first settlement at Savannah. How large could the farms be and what was forbidden? The colony grew slowly. What did James do that allowed the colony to grow fast?

15. Two Ways of Life The southern colonies were divided into- the Atlantic coast and the back country. The southern colonies enjoyed warmer weather than the northern colonies. This meant they had a longer growing season. Which colonies became major tobacco growing colonies? Where was indigo and rice mainly grown? What is a plantation?

16. Two Ways of Life On southern plantations 20 to 100 slaves did most of the work. What did the slaves do? Where was Tidewater? What did it offer? What did rivers provide? What did most Tidewater plantations have? What were they used for? This is why large seaports later formed along the Southern Colonies.

17. Two Ways of Life Life centered around what? Who taught the settlers to grow rice? What did the African slaves know how to do? What did they make?

18. Two Ways of Life The Backcountry was west of Tidewater at the base of the Appalachian Mountains. Why were settlers attracted to this area? Which southern colonies had a backcountry? The backcountry was more democratic than Tidewater.

19. Two Ways of Life There were smaller fields and they hunted for game. What did they do with their surplus? In the backcountry there were very few slaves. What made the families closer?

20. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade In the early years some Africans were free, servants, and slaves. The first enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619. For the next 50 years not many Africans were brought to the colonies. Were there instances were an African could buy their freedom? Which African became a successful land owner?

21. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade Slavery has been something the world had seen since ancient times. Usually slaves were people captured during war. Many times these slaves were treated as servants rather than property. Muslim merchants often carried and sold African slaves into Europe and the Middle East.

22. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade Over 400 years the slave trade grew. What were some of the items traded for slaves? As the demand increased the Africans who lived on the coast made raids on other African interior tribes to capture slaves to sell to the Europeans.

23. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade The Middle Passage was the passage in which English sailors used to transport slaves west across the Atlantic Ocean. Under the decks on the ships the slaves face horrible conditions. Men, women, and children were chained together hand and foot. The slaves were on top of each other. They could come out to the deck to eat and exercise in the fresh air only once or twice a day.

24. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade Occasionally, the slaves would fight to take over the ship. The sailors were fearful and armed themselves heavily. Others resisted by not eating or jumping over board. About 10% of the slaves loaded would die during the voyage. Many died of disease, illness, and mistreatment.

25. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade 2-3 million African captives died in these voyages. As the need for slaves increased more limits were placed on the slaves. What were these laws called? What did most English colonist believe? Define racism. Did the colonist believe they were helping the slaves? How? In 1688, who spoke out against slavery? Where?

26. Growth of Slavery and the Slave Trade