1. AP U.S. History- / /

2. Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5. Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6. Increase in American nationalism. 7. Further westward expansion. 1. New intellectual and religious movements. 2. Social reforms. 3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4. Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5. Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6. Increase in American nationalism. 7. Further westward expansion.

3. “Manifest Destiny”  First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845.  ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."  A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

4. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

5. Relations with Great Britain A War of Words with Britain- 1830s-1840s –Americans and British attacked each other’s customs in newspapers –Still Americans borrowed money from Britain to build canals and railroads. –The U.S. got under the British people’s skin when they aided Canada’s rebellion against the empire. –Canadian Insurrection ( 1837)- small minority hoped to throw off British rule – Caroline incident ( 1837)- American steamer carrying supplies to Canadian insurgents was attacked by British

6. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

8. Texas  1823- A newly independent Mexico gave Stephen F. Austin a large tract of land.  By 1830 Mexico had emancipated its slaves and prohibited further colonization of Texas by Americans.  Yet by 1835 Texan Americans numbered at about 30,000 Mexican dictator Santa Anna ended all local rights for Texans and sent army to stop uprisings.  By 1836 Texas had declared independence and named Sam Houston as their leader.  Mexico was not going to the let Texans off that easy.

9. Texas Declaration of Independence

10. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston (1793-1863) Steven Austin (1793-1836)

11. Remember the Alamo!

12. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

13. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio L  pez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

14. The Republic of Texas

15. Republic of Texas  In 1837, Texas petitioned the U.S. for annexation but little movement was made.  Texas the Republic 1. Mexico regarded it as a territory in revolt. 2. Texans tried to get protection from Britain and France 3. British was interested in Texas for 3 reasons a. it could become a British puppet and could turn on the U.S. b. abolitionists hoped by freeing slaves, it would put pressure on the South c. possibility of a free-trade area.

16. Oregon  Before the U.S. could deal with Mexico, they had to deal with Oregon.  Spain, Russia, Britain, and U.S. had all at one time had a claim on the territory Florida Treaty of 1819- Spain gave away its claims to Oregon to the U.S. Convention of 1818  Oregon Trail (1840s)- thousands of pioneers moved west to Oregon territory.  U.S. wanted to end the treaty with G.B.- the process began in 1845.

17. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!  By the mid-1840s, “Oregon Fever” was spurred on by the promise of free land.  The joint British-U. S. occupation ended in 1846.

18. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

19. Trails Westward- California and OR

20. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

21. The Doomed Donner Party James Reed & Wife Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen  Of the 87 members of the Donner Party, only 48 survived to get to California! CANNIBALISM ! ! CANNIBALISM ! !

23. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  U.S. would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  U.S. would purchase the California and New Mexico territories for $5,000,000.  U.S. wanted California at any price.  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  U.S. would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  U.S. would purchase the California and New Mexico territories for $5,000,000.  U.S. wanted California at any price. John Slidell

24. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA)

25. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

26. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

27. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

28. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

29. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist, American Negotiator

30. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico territory.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico territory.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

31. Results of the Mexican War?  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.

33. Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!  “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.  Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.  Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories!  “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.  Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.  Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories! WHY?

34. The Mexican Cession

35. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

36. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

37. COMPROMISE OF 1850  California would be the 31 st state.  The rest of Mexican cession land would be divided up into two territories- New Mexico and Utah- each can decide on slavery.  Texas would receive $10 million to pay off debts in return for accepting a narrower boundary.  Slave trade in Washington D.C. would be abolished.  The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 would be amended. Now it would provide support for a federal commission which would strengthen the fugitive slave law.

38. Territorial Growth to 1853