1. Human Digestive System

2. Image of the Digestive System
An Introduction to the Human Digestive System.
The Parts of the Human Digestive System

3. Functions Supplies energy to body cells: Ingest food
Breaks down food – chemical/physical
Move through digestive tract – muscular action in the esophagus pushes food to the stomach
squeezing by the esophagus
Absorb digested food and water
Converts food to useable molecules
Nutrients made available to body cells

4. Mouth Breaks down food into small pieces
Chewing = chemical & physical change
phy = changes shape of food
chem = Saliva breaks down food
Moves food into esophagus
Epiglottis covers trachea

5. Salivary Glands Glands in the mouth and throat
Produce chemicals (saliva) which lubricate food and begin the chemical digestive process
Breakdown of starch into glucose by saliva is a chemical change

6. Esophagus Tube connecting the mouth to stomach
Food is squeezed by the esophagus into stomach. This is called peristalsis.
Through the Esophagus

7. Stomach Muscles churn food = physical digestion.
Reaction of stomach acid & bile = chemical digestion
Stomach is shaped like a pouch and is a property of the stomach that is NOT a property of the system as a whole
Enzymes break down fats and proteins and is a chemical change

8. Pancreas produces insulin that regulates blood sugar levels
helps neutralize stomach acid
releases enzymes into the small intestine to break down the food

9. Gallbladder organ that stores bile for future use
When there is no food in the small intestine bile from the liver is sent to the gall bladder where it is stored, to be released when food enters the digestive tract.

10. Liver processes and distributes nutrients.
creates bile, which is important in chemically breaking down the food in the small intestine.
processes damaged red blood cells and stores vitamins A and D.

11. Small Intestine! Digestion is finished here
Most chemical digestion occurs here
Pancreatic juice produces enzymes to finish chemical digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates
In the Small Intestine

12. Large Intestine Absorbs water
Stores solid waste in rectum until elimination.
Final stage of digestion
The Large Intestine

13. Fun Facts
The circulatory and the digestive systems work together to obtain important vitamins and nutrients and transport them to the cells all over the body.
Your intestines are at least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
Chewing food takes from 5-30 seconds
Swallowing takes about 10 seconds
Food sloshing in the stomach can last 3-4 hours
It takes 3 hours for food to move through the intestine
Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days!
In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons
The lining of your digestive system is shed every 3 days
1.7 litres of saliva is produced each day

15. The Excretory System and The Digestive System are mainly responsible for taking in nutrient food molecules and getting rid of waste products.

16. The Excretory System The Urinary System

17. The Excretory System Functions:
to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts
dispose of waste and control body fluid
Directly responsible for maintaining the volume and composition of most body fluids

18. The Excretory System Major Organs Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder
Skin & lungs

19. Kidney Located behind the intestines
Remove waste (urine, toxins, urea, water and mineral salts) from your body
Filter blood that has collected wastes from your body's cells
Regulates chemical composition of blood
Maintains homeostasis

20. Kidney Filtration The kidney is a two stage filter
It is made up of 1 million nephrons
Stage 1 occurs when water, sugar, salt and waste from blood pass into a cup like structure
Stage 2 occurs as the liquid in the cuplike structure is squeezed into a narrow tubule capillaries perform the next filtration and return purified blood to main circulatory system and the waste water (called urine) is moved to the bladder

21. Functions of the Urinary System
Regulates water and other substances in the blood
Removes metabolic waste
Removes nitrogenous waste

22. Ureters Tubes that lead from each kidney and connects to the bladder
Urine travels through this tube to the bladder

23. Urinary Bladder
Elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body
Can hold up to 0.5 L
A tube called the urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body

24. The Role of the Kidney in Homeostasis
The kidney is essential in maintaining the correct amount of water in the blood.   

25. Urinary Diseases
Problems in the urinary system include kidney failure, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate enlargement, and bladder control problems.
Cancer can affect both the kidney and the bladder

26. When kidneys go wrong
People can live healthily with one functioning kidney. However, when about 90% of kidney function has been lost, a person can only survive by having dialysis.
Dialysis works by using a machine that replicates the blood-cleaning function of healthy kidneys.
In the most extreme cases of kidney failure, survival depends on the person receiving a donor organ

27. Fun Facts Your blood passes through the kidneys 300 times a day.
Your kidneys have about a million structures that filter out liquids and wastes.
About 440 gallons of blood flow through the kidneys each and every day!
The nephrons clean all your blood in 45 minutes. 
Every day the nephrons send about six cups of urine to the bladder

28. Extras Facts about pee Facts about poop Kidney animation
Printable worksheets and online quiz
No Sweat Scavenger Hunt
Black line masters from United Streaming