1. Chapter 9

2. 17001750180018501900 Enlightenment:Age of Reason Industrial Revolution American Revolution: 1775 - 1781 French Revolution: 1789-1815 European Revolutions and Latin American Independence: 1815- 1848

3. The Industrial Revolution Spreads –Belgium becomes the first nation to industrialize after England Soon after Germany, France, and the United States industrialize and pass England as the industrial leader Other nations industrialized more slowly because they lacked natural resources, they lacked investment capital, or they had political and social problems

4. The combination of Science, Technology and Industry –Henry Bessemer develops steel which is lighter harder and more durable than iron –industrial nations measure their success upon steel output –Alfred Nobel invents dynamite and founds the Nobel prize –Thomas Edison invents the light bulb –Eli Whitney develops interchangeable parts –The Assembly Line is developed allowing production to rise to an all time high

5. Transportation, Communication and Medicine –Transportation Automobile Nicholaus Otto invented the gas powered internal combustion engine Gottlieb Daimler invents the “Horseless Carriage” – first four wheeled automobile Henry Ford produces the first affordable automobile – the “Model T” –Airplane Orville and Wilbur Wright design and fly the first airplane – the “Kitty Hawk”

6. Communication –Samuel T.B. Morse develops the telegraph –Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone –Guglielmo Marconi invents the radio

7. Medicine –Louis Pasteur finds a link between microbes and diseases develops vaccine for rabbis and anthrax develops pasteurization or the purifying of milk –Joseph Lister discovered antiseptics prevent infections –Florence Nightingale – introduced sanitary measures to hospitals

8. Big Business –Entrepreneurs sold stock, or shares in their companies, to investors to raise money and expand their business –Giant Corporations were created through stock selling –Krupp Steel – German steel company founded by Alfred Krupp –Standard Oil Company – American Oil company founded by John D. Rockefelle r

9. Read the section titled Business Takes a New Direction on Pages 303-304 1.Draw two symbols –One that represents the Positive view of big business – One that represents the Negative view of big business 2.For each symbol write one sentence that explains your picture. 3.Is your view of Big Business positive or negative?

10. Two Visions of Big Business –Positive viewed as “captains of industry full of vision and skill” big business improved general prosperity

11. –Negative viewed as “Robber Barons” big business destroyed competition through monopolies damaging the free-enterprise system big business corrupted government