1. Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition

2. Objectives Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition List several reasons for editing in video production. Describe a brief history of editing and explain how nonlinear editing differs from linear editing. Explain the four-step method of nonlinear editing.

3. Objectives Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition List the options for recording the finished project and identify the best choice for specific production settings. List and explain several considerations for videography for an edited project. Produce an edited instructional video program.

4. Why Do We Edit? Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Editing to correct mistakes Editing to select the best take

5. Why Do We Edit? Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Editing to add detail Editing for single-camera production

6. Why Do We Edit? Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Editing to shift time Editing to create a new program using old resources

7. Why Do We Edit? Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Editing to fit time requirements Editing to add graphics and music Editing to produce creative, effects-filled segments

8. Linear Editing – “in a straight line.” Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition 1 2 3 4 1 “Play” VCR, for source videotape. 2 “Record” VCR. Selected scenes are copied onto videotape using this VCR. 3 Editing control unit. A computer that controls both VCRs, setting “start” and “stop” points. 4 Monitors for VCRs. Linear editing system (1987)

9. Linear Editing – “in a straight line.” Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Each element has to be edited in the order that it appears on the finished videotape. Each segment is electronically linked to the segment before it, and the segment that follows it. The editor could not add a segment “in the middle” of a project.

10. Nonlinear Editing – “not in a straight line.” Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition The editor has the ability to edit various segments at various times – adding each segment in the place that he chooses.

11. Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Computer-based All visual images and sounds are converted into computer files for use by the nonlinear editing software.

12. Nonlinear Editing Options Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Stand-alone system A computer that has nonlinear editing as its only task. Computer with additions Adding editing software, and perhaps hardware upgrades to an existing desktop or laptop computer.

13. The 4-Step Nonlinear Editing Process Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Importing audio and video elements into a computer and saving them in a digital format. Arranging, deleting, and trimming audio and video elements. Adding transitions, graphics, and sound. Recording the finished program onto videotape or DVD, or saving in a digital format.

14. Step one: Importing audio and video elements into a computer and saving them in a digital format Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Each element is saved as a computer file by the nonlinear editing software. Audio and video inputs on a stand- alone nonlinear editing system.

15. Step one: Importing audio and video elements into a computer and saving them in a digital format Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Common video inputs composite (RCA), IEEE-1394 (DV), S-VHS, USB Common audio inputs RCA, IEEE-1394 (DV camera audio), installed CD player, microphone jack Audio and video inputs on a desktop computer designed for nonlinear editing.

16. Step one: Importing audio and video elements into a computer and saving them in a digital format Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Connect the source for the element (examples – camcorder, VCR, microphone) to the nonlinear editing system. Click an on-screen button (“capture” or “record”) to import the element. Click the button again to stop the “capture” or “record” process. An icon or small image of the clip appears in the clips bin. Repeat the process as needed. SAVE YOUR WORK FREQUENTLY!

17. Step two: Arrange, delete, and trim audio and video elements Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Click-drag and drop the icon representing the element into a timeline.

18. Step two: Arrange, delete, and trim audio and video elements Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Audio and video clips can be trimmed to make them shorter.

19. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Transitions Cut – one video shot appears immediately after the previous shot, with no apparent transition.

20. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Transitions Dissolve – the first video shot is gradually replaced with the second video shot, with no line of transition.

21. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Transitions Wipe – the second shot gradually replaces the first shot with a definite line of transition.

22. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Effects change the appearance of your video segments. Popular effects include slow-motion, fast-motion, color correction and chroma key.

23. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Graphics - typing words on the screen. Use high-contrast colors, borders, and shadows. no border, no shadowwith border and shadow

24. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Graphics - typing words on the screen. Make your graphics large enough to read at a distance. When shooting, leave the lower-third blank to insert a graphic over a bust shot.

25. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Rendering – the process by which the nonlinear editing system creates each transition, effect, or graphic. Rendering speed is a function of processor speed, amount of RAM, and size/speed of hard drive.

26. Sound from the camcorder Sound from a computer file Installed CD player (part of the nonlinear computer) Attached audio sources (CD player, MP3 player, audio mixer, etc.) Microphone jack Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Sound can be imported in a variety of ways, including:

27. Step three: Add transitions, effects, graphics, and sound. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Sound – most nonlinear editing systems allow for the adjustment of sound in the editing process.

28. Step four: Record the finished program. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Recording onto videotape Record your project onto MiniDV tape via the IEEE-1394 connector. Record onto VHS and S-VHS using analog outputs (S-VHS, composite, and RCA audio) If the project is a “keeper,” record on the best format available.

29. Step four: Record the finished program. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Recording onto DVD Many nonlinear editing systems (both stand-alone and software-based) are equipped with DVD recorders (“burners”.) Stand-alone DVD recorders are also available. Avio nonlinear editing system with installed DVD recorder.

30. Step four: Record the finished program. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Exporting as a computer file Play on a computer, e-mail to friends and family, and upload to your web-site. Popular formats include QuickTime (*.mov), RealMedia (*.rm), and Windows Media Video (*.mov.) An additional aspect of recording – probably not a replacement for recording onto videotape or DVD.

31. Step four: Record the finished program. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Issues impacting computer file size Image size – how large will the file be on the screen ? Frame rate – 30 frames per second is “TV” standard. Image size on a typical 17” monitor See chart on page 113 of textbook

32. Step four: Record the finished program. Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Portable memory storage devices can be used to save and store video files. USB pen drive External hard drive

33. Shooting Tips for Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Shoot various angles of the same action. Planning is important. Use your storyboards during the shooting sessions to make sure you get all of your shots.

34. Shooting Tips for Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Be aware of continuity Make sure clothing, props, and body position are consistent throughout the program. Plan to show detail.

35. Shooting Tips for Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Shoot the creative shot. If it doesn’t work, then don’t include it in the finished program. (Always think safety!) Roll plenty of videotape.

36. Shooting Tips for Nonlinear Editing Television Production: A Classroom Approach, 2 nd edition Remember your lower third. If you’re adding graphics to a shot of a person, use a bust shot instead of a close-up. Use good videography techniques, even if you’re editing.