3. Research Scholar Shri. Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu,Rajasthan Under the guidance of Dr. Chandan Bora

4. CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

5.  Child is Treasure of our Society … Child is a pylon of our society. They are future of any developing as well as developed country, so literally they are treasure of society.

6. During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal, working conditions. The children of the poor were expected to help towards the family budget, often working long hours in dangerous jobs and low wages. In England and Scotland in 1788, two- thirds of the workers in 143 water- powered cotton mills were described as children. By 1900, there were 1.7 million child labourers reported in American industry under the age of fifteen. The number of children under the age of 15 who worked in industrial jobs for wages climbed to 2 million in 1910. During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal, working conditions. The children of the poor were expected to help towards the family budget, often working long hours in dangerous jobs and low wages. In England and Scotland in 1788, two- thirds of the workers in 143 water- powered cotton mills were described as children. By 1900, there were 1.7 million child labourers reported in American industry under the age of fifteen. The number of children under the age of 15 who worked in industrial jobs for wages climbed to 2 million in 1910.

7. Who is child labour? ILO defines child labour as : “child labour means work done by children under fifteen. Exception is made of work done by children with their parents at home is so far an aid in the latter’s work is concerned and child is not deprived of the possibility of going to school”

8. Who is child labour? Convention on Right of the child under Article 32 of UN convention Define child labour as: “ any economic exploitation or the work that is likely to be hazardous or which interferes with the child’s education or is harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development ”

9. Way back in 1979, Government formed the first committee called Gurupadaswamy Committee to study the issue of child labour and to suggest measures to tackle it In consonance with the above approach, a National Policy on Child Labour was formulated in 1987.  The Action Plan outlined in the Policy for tackling this problem is as follows: Legislative Action Plan for strict enforcement of Child Labour Act and other labour laws to ensure that children are not employed in hazardous employments.  Focusing of General Developmental Programmes for Benefiting Child Labour - This action plan emphasizes the need to cover these children and their families also under various poverty alleviation and employment generation schemes of the Government.  Project Based Plan of Action: Envisages starting of projects in areas of high concentration of child labour. Pursuant to this, in 1988, the National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme was launched in 9 districts of high child labour endemicity in the country. Way back in 1979, Government formed the first committee called Gurupadaswamy Committee to study the issue of child labour and to suggest measures to tackle it In consonance with the above approach, a National Policy on Child Labour was formulated in 1987.  The Action Plan outlined in the Policy for tackling this problem is as follows: Legislative Action Plan for strict enforcement of Child Labour Act and other labour laws to ensure that children are not employed in hazardous employments.  Focusing of General Developmental Programmes for Benefiting Child Labour - This action plan emphasizes the need to cover these children and their families also under various poverty alleviation and employment generation schemes of the Government.  Project Based Plan of Action: Envisages starting of projects in areas of high concentration of child labour. Pursuant to this, in 1988, the National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme was launched in 9 districts of high child labour endemicity in the country.

10. Did You Know India has the highest number of child labourers in the world According to the National Sample Survey Organisation, nearly 16.4 million Indian children aged 5-15 are engaged in various works As per ILO 90% of child labourers are employed in Agriculture Sector alone

11. Child labor in India is a human right issue for the whole world. It is a serious and extensive problem, with many children under the age of fourteen working in carpet making factories, glass blowing units and making fireworks with bare little hands. According to the statistics given by Indian government there are 20 million child laborers in the country, while other agencies claim that it is 50 million. SITUATION IN INDIA

12. OVER POPULATION : Limited resources and more mouths to feed ILLITERACY : Illiterate parents do not realize the need for a proper physical, emotional and cognitive development of a child. POVERTY: Many a time poverty forces parents to send their children to hazardous jobs. URBANIZATION : MNC's and export industries in the developing world employ child workers. UNEMPLOYMENT OF ELDERS: Elders often find it difficult to get jobs. The industrialists and factory owners find it profitable to employ children.

13. Is all work is bad for children? Some child workers themselves think that illegal work should not be considered in the definition of "child labor." The reason: These child workers would like to be respected for their legal work, because they feel they have no other choice but to work. On the outskirts of Dhaka, children heat and mix rubber in a barrel at a balloon factory.

14. A young Pakistani girl carries a load of wool down a street in a poor section of Peshawar. Pakistan has laws that limit child labor, but the laws are often ignored. An estimated 11 million children work in Pakistan's factories. A boy works in a tea stall in a small village in Nepal. Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries, forcing huge numbers of children to do hard labor. For a majority of children in Nepal, education is a luxury.

15. Sakina, 9, and Javed, 6, work on a carpet loom at a small workshop in Kabul. Afghanistan's deep poverty forces many children to work in adult jobs. A young Burmese boy climbs on top of piles of teak wood in a government-run lumberyard in Pyin Ma Bin. The boy's job is to label the teak wood. The wood is common in Myanmar and is in high demand in Japan and most of Asia.

16. This 9-year-old girl used to work long hours weaving rugs in a carpet factory. Today, she is enrolled in a Rugmark school in India. Rugmark is an organization working to end child labor and provide educational opportunities for children. For child laborers all over the world, education is the ticket to a better future.

17. The Menace called CHILD LABOUR

19. Sivakasi in Tamil Nadu state, about 45,000-50,000 children working in the fireworks industry Children earn about 15-18 rupees a day on piece-rates When an inspector visits a factory, child workers are bundled into store-rooms and sheds When asked if the long hours derived her of the pleasures of childhood, 12-year-old Kavitha gave a resigned look. When asked if she would like to go to school like other girls, she shot back: "Who will feed me, then?"

20. Beedi Industry Over 1.7 million children work as laborers in India’s beedi-rolling industry. Children are engaged as their nimble fingers are more adept at rolling beedis. Children are made to work up to 14 hours a day with no breaks or holidays. Earning is as little as Rs.30 per 1,000 beedis on an average and the children hardly get anything. Suffer from tuberculosis, postural and eye problems, anemia, lung and skin diseases.

21. Some times children are abandoned by their parents or sold to factory owners 70-80% of the 8,000 to 50,000 children work in the glass industry in Ferozabad. The two hazardous types of furnaces used are the Pot furnaces the Tank furnaces One of the most dangerous industries, where many deaths and mishaps occur on a regular basis, makes it imperative for the employers to hire mafia gangs to hush up the occurrence of such incidents.

22. Carpet Industry 300,000 children employed in this industry. Low wages and docile acceptance. Work for 10-16 hours a day in terrible conditions. Vast majority of migrant child workers sleep alongside of their loom, further inviting sickness and poor health. Eyesight is damaged and lung diseases are common as a result of the dust and fluff from the wool.

23. Silk Industry Over 50,000 children between the ages of 5 and 13 slog it out in the silk- weaving industry in Kancheepuram and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu. Many work seven days a week round the year. Average monthly income ranges from Rs.80 to Rs.250. Require to dip hands in boiling hot water causing blisters. Handle dead worms breeding infections. Twist thread injuring their fingers.

24. CHILD LABOR IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY INCONSPICUOUS FORM OF CHILD LABOUR

25. Why is it a Form of Child Labor? No Bar of Age Limit More than 12 hours of work Education Suffers Parent’s force their children to go for talent search programmes

26. The programmes in question are 'Chotta Packet Bada Dhamaka' and 'Maayka' on ZEE TV, 'Chotte Ustad', 'Balika Vadhu', 'Jai Krishna' and 'Utaran' on Colors Producers of nine Indian television shows, who hired child actors, are to be dragged to court. Under the Act, offenders face simple imprisonment of six months or a fine of Rs. 10,000, or both.

27. Pati Patni Aur Woh… The show is testing child-rearing skills of celebrities and for that purpose kids of 4-5 years are shown It is a cause of great concern that kids’ parents are willful accomplices in this crime

28. Ponder… How can we contribute to eradicate child labour?

29. Your mission To analyse causes for child labour in your village Find solution to eradicate child labour Develop plan of action Create awareness to local people on the importance of education and child’s right to education Persuade local audience and rope in their support to combat child labour problem by mobilising opinion

30. Your Role You will be working as agents of International Labour Organisation

31. How do you go about? Collect the database of school drop-outs Interview and collect data Analyse reasons for child labour in your village Research on Internet referring to the list of websites to gather information on child labour and strategies adopted by other countries to combat the problem Suggest strategies and find solution to the local problem Share your ideas on a blog

32. How do you go about? Contd… Develop plan of action to address child labour problem Organise an awareness rally to create awareness to local people on the importance of education and child’s right to education Persuade local audience and rope in their support to combat child labour problem by mobilising opinion

34. Child labour has been among and with us in the very society we live in. But we have rarely paid heed to them. And we have tried to look at them we have turned our back because we have been guilty at the heart somewhere.. The question is not–”Who is to be held responsible for the situation ?”; Decades have been lost over it and yet no fruitful step has yielded out, the question should be “Are we ready to change their lives for the better?”,if not then it is high time for all of us to reach out our helping hands to them and get them out of this inferno at the earliest, lest our future is CONDEMNED………

35. It’s up to us all.. It’s the ILO It’s Member States It’s Workers It’s Employers It’s NGOs And it’s us – you and me. Together we can reach the goal – an end to child labour in our time

36. THANK YOU