1. World history Chapter 5 Ancient Greece

2. Section 1 The Early Civilizations of Greece

4. The Geography of Greece Was a key factor in the development mountainous region of southeastern Europe –Isolated the Greek people Numerous islands

5. The Land, the Climate, and the Sea No great rivers---Little rainfall Dry, rocky soil –grew barley, grapes, and olives –raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens Food was scarce

6. The Sea Most people lived within 40 miles of the sea Built great harbors became sailors, fishers, & traders – sent olive oil, wine, wool, and marble for grain and metals

7. Early Greek Communities people separated by water and mountains & developed different communities WESTERN CIVILIZATION: civilization that developed in Europe & spread to the Americas

8. The Minoan Civilization Developed on the island Crete In the Aegean Sea No written record MONARCHY: government with a single ruler, such as a king, queen, or pharaoh

9. The Palace of Knossos built of stone around central courtyard; used for royal family, worship, storerooms (for tax payments), workshops, large bathrooms, & plumbing system Art was important in Minoan culture (frescoes)

10. Peaceful Sea Traders interested in trade, not war & conquest influenced Greek-speaking Mycenaean's culture mysteriously vanished around 1600bc –Volcanic eruption ?

12. The Mycenaean's Grow Powerful First Greeks to leave written records Dominated the mainland Ruled by Kings Conquered Knossos Leader of the Aegean Sea

13. Mycenaean Palaces and Sea Traders Palaces –thick walls, great hall, frescoes Trade –pottery & metalwork with Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Sicily

14. The Trojan War –Mycenaeans & other Greeks vs. Troy (on Asia Minor) –Trojan prince Paris kidnapped sister-in-law of Mycenaean king, Helen –1250bc

15. The Decline of Mycenae and the Age of Homer At Home and Abroad –1100bc Mycenaeans disappear; writing & trade stop –Many Greeks left for Asia Minor, Sicily, & Southern Italy, spread culture –They took with them their culture and ideas

17. The Iliad and the Odyssey –long, epic, narrative poems by Greek poet Homer –lliad Last few days of the Trojan Wars –Odyssey The story of the long journey home of Odysseus The Greek hero of the was

18. Greek Religion –gods had human feelings & form –marble temples to honor gods & goddesses –People needed to please the Gods –Zeus – king of the gods; –Athena – goddess of wisdom –Live on Mt Olympus

19. Section 2 Greek City-States Rise to Power

21. City state develop 800B.C. first Greek large political units formed Called Polis—city-state Completed against each other for control of land and trade

22. The Foundations of the City-States ACROPOLIS: highest part of a Greek city- state with fortress & temple Agora: marketplace with farmers & shopkeepers, people discussed politics & conducted business All city-states shared common language & adapted Phoenician alphabet in 750bc; shared common religion & culture; Olympic

23. Citizenship Only free males Proud and loyal to their city-state Willing to give up their lives for their polis

24. Governments of the City-States most city-states began as monarchies protected by citizen-soldiers soldiers wore helmets, armor, & round shields ARISTOCRACY: government in which the upper class, or a privileged few, rule OLIGARCHY: government in which only a few powerful people rule, “rule of the few” 800bc tools became cheaper & more available as they were made of iron; Athens & Sparta gained power

25. Sparta Becomes a Military State a Spartan life = “a life with few luxuries ” A Society of Soldiers 600’s B.C. first Greek constitution governed by 2 military kings, 28-member council of elders (over age 60) (chose issues) lawmaking assembly voted on laws made up of all free adult males over 30 with 5 overseers Conquered people were helots, or slaves, who farmed the land Serious soldiers – boys sent to train at age 7 until 30

26. Women of Sparta had more rights than other Greeks women; inherited land girls received physical training & some education Learned to run, wrestle, throw a javelin,

27. Athenians and Their Right to Govern Government Reforms and Limited Democracy 800bc-700bc Athens grew quickly TYRANTS: leader who gains power by forces; later, a leader who rules ruthlessly 500 chosen men made up the council LEGISLATURE: lawmaking body in government

28. Continued…. DEMOCRACY: government that gives its citizens the ruling power, “power from the people” Slaves & women had no power in government

29. Education in Athens boys learned reading, writing, math, music, athletics, & speaking only wealthy citizens were educated due to cost generally more educated than other Greeks

30. Greek Unity in the Persian Wars Events in the Persian Wars 400’s B.C. Greeks joined together against Persia 499bc Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against Persian rule Athens & Sparta joined to beat Persians & end Persian Wars

31. The End of the Persian Wars ALLIANCE: agreement between 2 or more people, groups, & nations to cooperate with one another Delian League: formed 478bc between 140 Greek city-states that had fought in Persian Wars; lead by Athenians Peloponnesian League: formed by Sparta

32. Section 3 The Golden Age of Athens

34. The Age of Pericles Athens becomes the richest, most powerful city-state Expanding Democracy TRIBUTE: payment given by one nation to another more powerful nation; may be paid in exchange for protection; Athens demanded tribute from members of the Delian League Classical Age: 480bc-323bc when Athenian art, politics, & literature flourished (refers to order, balance, & harmony) DIRECT DEMOCRACY: government in which citizens take part directly rather than through representatives; belief of Pericles JURY: group of people that considers the evidence in a trial & makes a judgment

35. Culture in the Golden Age Architecture and Art public buildings, like temples were large, homes were small most art was on practical pottery 450bc natural, fluid style of art developed with idealized forms

36. Poetry, Drama, and History earliest literature: poetry – poets include Homer, Sappho Greek Drama: tragedies dealt with suffering & misery comedies poked fun at leaders & their politics Women weren’t allowed to be actors; female parts played by men

38. Three Great Thinker Philosopher- “lover of wisdom” Socrates, Plato, Aristotle asked what it means to lead a good life Socrates taught by going to the agora & asking questions, arrested & sentences in death in 399bc

39. Plato, Socrates’ student, wrote about Socrates’ life, the ideal state, the ideal society, the nature of goodness and friendship, and the idea of truth; founded school The Academy 387bc Aristotle, Plato’s student, went to Macedonia to tutor Alexander the Great, went to Athens & set up school, Lyceum, taught to learn by observation, book Politics he praised the middle class

40. The Peloponnesian War: Plague and Starvation –began in 412B.C. between Greek city- states, Athens & Sparta –404bc Athens was starved & surrendered to Spartan Aftermath –Sparta won Peloponnesian War –Athenian democracy lost energy & corruption grew; unity was lost

41. Section 4 Alexander builds a great empire

43. The Rise of Macedonia Philip II Gains Control 404bc city-states continued to fight 359bc Philip II became king of Macedonia & looked to Greece Philip defeated Greek city-states of Athens & Thebes his son Alexander defeating the Sacred Band of 300 Theban soldiers

44. Alexander Takes the Throne Philip wanted to unit Macedonia & Greece then defeat Persia ASSASSINATION: murder of a leader for political reason Philip was assassinated & his son Alexander became king at 20

45. Alexander Builds an Empire 334bc Alexander leads army to attack Persia in Asia Minor Alexander is considered one of the greatest military leaders of ancient times They never lost a battle 331bc established Alexandria on northern coast of Egypt Army made it 11,000 miles into India before stopping

46. Death and Division 323bc Alexander died at 33 from an infection or fever Empire was left “to the strongest;” it was divided into 3 kingdoms Richest & most powerful, Egypt, went to general Ptolemy I

47. Hellenistic Civilization The Economy and the Growth of cities Hellenistic Culture: blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian and other influences – from 323-146bc ASSIMILATION: process of absorbing or taking on the cultural ideas or customs of another group and combining them into an existing culture – the conquered people took on many Greek customs Use of money increase, including real banks Alexandra, Egypt became a busy port and center of education with the world’s largest library

48. ended when Greece was conquered by Rome Left an important impact on the world and the future Hellenistic Age

49. The End