1. Date of download: 6/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Short Myelitis Lesions in Aquaporin-4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(1):81-87. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2137 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Patients With Aquaporin-4-IgG–Associated Short Transverse MyelitisT2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sagittal images reveal a short T2-hyperintense lesion (approximately 1.5 vertebral segments long) with spinal cord swelling (A, upper left panel, arrowhead), central T2-hyperintensity on axial images (A, bottom panel), and associated enhancement on T1-weighted postgadolinium images (A, upper right panel, arrowhead). A short T2-hyperintense lesion is shown on T2-weighted sagittal images (B, upper left panel, arrowhead: approximately 1 vertebral segment long) with centrally located T2- signal hyperintensity on axial images (B, bottom panel) and ring-like enhancement on T1-weighted images after gadolinium administration (B, upper right panel, arrowhead). Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 6/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Short Myelitis Lesions in Aquaporin-4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(1):81-87. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2137 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 4 Patients With an Initial Short Transverse Myelitis Followed by a Subsequent Longitudinally Extensive MyelitisT2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging cervical spine revealed a short T2 hyperintense lesion at the left cervicomedullary junction (A, left panel, arrowhead) with gadolinium enhancement (not shown). This patient relapsed with a cervical longitudinally extensive myelitis (A, right panel, arrowheads) notable on sagittal T2-weighted images. T2-weighted sagittal images reveal a short spinal cord lesion, which extends 1.5 vertebral segments with focal cord enlargement (B, left panel, arrowhead) and gadolinium enhancement (not shown). This episode was followed by a longitudinally extensive myelitis (B, right panel, arrowheads [lower arrowhead showing focal cord atrophy]) notable on sagittal T2-weighted images. A short spinal cord lesion is shown, which extends 2 thoracic vertebral segments (C, left panel, arrowheads) on sagittal T2-weighted images with gadolinium enhancement (not shown). This patient had a subsequent myelitis relapse with a discontinuous appearing longitudinally extensive lesion in the cervical spinal cord (C, right panel, arrowheads) on repeat sagittal T2-weighted images. Sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reveals a T2-signal hyperintensity extending 1 vertebral segment (D, left panel, arrowhead) without gadolinium enhancement (postgadolinium images not shown). This was followed a few months later by a longitudinally extensive myelitis in the cervical spinal cord (D, right panel, arrowheads) on repeat sagittal T2-weighted images. Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 6/9/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Short Myelitis Lesions in Aquaporin-4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(1):81-87. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2137 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Dorsal Medullary Lesion Extending to Upper Cervical Spinal CordT2-weighted sagittal images reveal a short T2 hyperintense lesion in the dorsal medulla and area postrema region extending toward the upper cervical cord (upper left panel, black arrowhead). Axial images show heterogeneous T2-hyperintensity (bottom panel), some of similar intensity to cerebrospinal fluid, with associated T1-hypointensity (upper right panel, black arrowhead) on T1-weighted images prior to gadolinium administration. Postoperative changes from cervical decompressive surgery are also noted (top panels, yellow arrowheads). Figure Legend: