1. UNDP, RFP-025/13 – DRM Amman, Dec. 2-5, 2013

2. Page 2 Table of Contents Background Requirements for Capable Institutions to face Vulnerability: Livelihood improvement; Building adaptive capacity; Integrating climate change Institutional dynamics {Our Focus) RCVDs: Institutional Vulnerability: Lack of: Human know-how; Risk analysis capacity; Financial capacity; Physical capital (facilities); Control capacity Impact Tree Diagram

3. Page 3/ The Global Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability(V), Impacts(I) and Adaptation(A) (PROVIA) assesses VIA by covering the range of available approaches, methods and tools (UNEP, 2013). This points out to the necessity of having capable institutions and know- how in order for the program to be effective. Furthermore, we have seen before that the vulnerability drivers are adaptive capacity, climate sensitivity and, depending on the sector, may be trade, or research, or control mechanisms, all of which desire good institutions. If the Iraqi institutes relevant to facing drought impacts are weak and deficient, then vulnerability conditions would be further worsened in all sectors. The institutions will act as a barrier in any attempt to face drought conditions. Background

4. Page 4/ UNDP recent evaluation for DRM in Asia and Africa, emphasizes understanding what is hindering or preventing the removal of those barriers (UNDP, 2012). The factors could be a lack of: Technical capacities at local and national levels; political will; funding; awareness, among others. The inherent complexity of drought as a multifaceted phenomenon: stretches beyond an understanding of meteorological conditions alone to extend to evaluating governance and institutional dynamics. This needs advancing knowledge on the following: 1. Livelihood improvement and processes of change 2. Building adaptive capacity 3. Integrating climate change into the community 4. Institutional dynamics {OUR FOCUS THEME} Institutional Vulnerability Assessment

5. Page 5/ 1.Livelihood improvement and processes of change This requires Vulnerability assessment; Sustainable livelihood analysis; Integrating responses to social equity impacts; Promote social justice; Building resilience to any shock or stress that hamper development and reduce social wellbeing. 2. Building adaptive capacity Strengthen climate vulnerability and capacity analysis especially through participatory approaches; Combining community know-how with scientific data to yield better understanding about local impacts. Institutional Vulnerability Assessment

6. Page 6/ 3. Integrating climate change into the community Integrating risk reduction and climate change adaptation/mitigation into community projects, especially ecosystem-based approaches to provide policy makers and practitioners and the locals with needed information to implement policies. 4. Institutional dynamics {OUR FOCUS THEME} It covers a huge spectrum of variables, i.e. impossible to do in simple steps. Hence, international organizations have come up with many “Tools” for such evaluation We will pick up the major types of those “tools” as follows (WeAdapt.com): Institutional Vulnerability Assessment

7. Page 7/ Institutional Dynamics – Tools:

8. Page 8/ Institutional Dynamics - Tools

9. Page 9/ Soft System Methodology (SSM): This is helpful in situations for analysis of conflicting and opposing stakeholders or institutions with different views. It is a complex process, but to show its benefit, we will pick up its major elements reflecting on differentiating institutional systems and how they transform under change as follows: E1 Efficacy= which means, does it work, or is the transformation achievable E2 Efficiency= focusing on comparing institutional values (monetary or otherwise) of output to input, which answers the question is it worth it E3 Effectiveness= does the system achieve long term goals. Institutional Dynamics – Tools

10. Page 10/ Institutional Dynamics – Tools BACLIAT, to find out institutional opportunities and threats.

11. Page 11/ Local Climate Impact Profile (LCLIP) - Stages: 1. Projectplanning stages: Purpose & objectives; Scope; Who is who; Any constraints 2.Building a database: Available records; Local media sources; Information to capture; Complete data search 3.Data analysis: Summarize spread sheet data; Interview local relevant authorities 4. Outcomes & agenda for future: Produce & share findings; Prioritize issues & risks; Produce evidence for specific departments/directorates; Assign preparedness status; Communicate to the public. Institutional Dynamics – Tools

12. Page 12/ The preceding reveals the complexity of analysing causes and determining barriers for institutional vulnerability. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the process is multi-faceted covering social, technical, economic and political conditions. The resultant causes, as shown at the top of ITD for institutional vulnerability, are lack of the following: Human know-how; Risk analysis capacity; Financial capacity; Physical capital (facilities); Control capacity. They reflect on all aspects just mentioned in the “Background”. Institutional Vulnerability Assessment

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14. Risk analysis capacity: Nation-wide, lack of complete and continuous temporal and spatial data records on almost all sectors which is highly needed for meaningful information analysis and communication, though slight availability (still partial) for monitoring and early warning exist here and there only. Financial capital : Lack of proper budgeting, investment and access to worthy foreign sources; as well as lack of appropriate prioritization for development projects while assuring application of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) programs, notably focusing on strengthening technical institutional capacities and know-how. Institutional RCVDs - Summary

15. Human know-how: Relevant Iraqi institutions lack required technical skills, know-how and purpose clarity; the normal worker generally does not feel secure which affects his/her attitude and performance; the management side is weak on institutional coordination, defining responsibilities, and poor planning especially when it comes to early warning and information communication to the respective authorities and the public. Physical capital: Partial lack (nationwide) of relevant superstructures, infrastructures, mechanization and modernization, especially related to research and monitoring/early warning systems on drought and climate change, with special focus on availing timely information to authorities, the public and private sectors. Institutional RCVDs - Summary

16. Control capacity: An associated lack of monitoring/evaluation/quality-control, as well as relevant government policies, and incentives, to strengthen nation-wide institutions dealing with (VIA) on climate and droughts, is very critical, including geared training of respective personnel, both at management level and routine skills with a strong national networking. Institutional RCVDs - Summary

17. Page 17/ Institutional Vulnerability Assessment Key organizations, institutions, centres and networks working on drought issues around the world. Source: ISDR DRF Hyogo Framework, 2009. THANK YOU