1. INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESS AND SUBNET MASK 2012514503 KAAN EREN

2. WHAT IS THE IP ( Internet Protocol) ? Each systems which communicate on the network use IP address Each of these IP addresses are different from each other. Domain Name Server (DNS) holds the information which domain name corresponds to the which IP address. 192.168.10.1192.168.10.2 192.168.10.3

3. THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS (IPv4-Internet Protocol Version4 ): Today, the type of IP addressing is used. This IP address is a 32-bit addressing information that describe a computer address. a. b. c. d. 4 parts, each in the form of 8-bit (octet). Each octet is a value between 0-255. For example, 192.175.32.4 is an IP address.Each octet are separated with a point each other. It can be manufactured with more than 4 billion(2 32 ) addresses Ipv4 addressing. IP addresses is written in binary but it is converted decimal because of easy to read and write

4. THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS FOR EXAMPLE: IP address :192.168.10.1 IP addresses are 32-bit and 4 piece was formed from the merger of the 8-bit parts. IP address: 192168101 BINARY ADDRESS: 1100000010101000000101000000001

5. THE CONCEPT OF IP ADDRESS Each computer has its own IP number in a network environment, whether or not. This can set the IP numbers manually or can be assigned automatically by computer. IP addresses have 2 parts :  Network number (Net ID) : Indicates where the computer network is.  Computer number (Host ID): values that provide the computer from each other on the network.

6. PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES Some addresses are reserved for specific purposes. This is called private addresses.  THE NETWORK ADDRESS : Is used to identify the network itself. All of the user bit which is 0 address is reserved specifically for network addresses. (For example; for class B 172.10.0.0) Network addresses are never given to a user.  BROADCAST ADDRESS: All devices on the network at the same time, to send data its is required broadcast address.

7. IP ADDRESS CLASSES In order to facilitate the distribution of IP addresses used on the internet is divided into 5 sub-class. IP class will be used on a network is directly related to the size of the network.

8. CLASS A IP ADDRESSES This has been designed for large networks that includes many users. Class A IP addresses only use first octet(first 8 bit) to define the network. First bit is always zero. If all the remaining 7 bits 0  00000000 = 0 If all the remaining 7 bits 1  011111111= 127 But 0.0.0.0 used for default routing, 127.0.0.0 address for local online.These are private adress and can not be used. If the first octet is between 1-126,computer belongs to class A. Therefore,Class A IP addresses can use network number is 126. EXAMPLE: 49.19.22.156

9. CLASS A IP ADDRESSES CLASSNETWORK NUMBERHOST NUMBERINTERVALDEFAULT SUBNET MASK A12616.777,2141-126255.0.0.0

10. CLASS B IP ADDRESSES Class B IP addresses, the first 2 octets used to identify the network, while the other 2 octet is to address users. The first 2 bits are always 10. Class B IP addresses are the smallest number 10000000(128),the largest number 10111111(191) Class B addresses, preferred by more medium-sized ISP companies. EXAMPLE: 160.75.10.110 ISP: Internet service provider)

11. CLASS C IP ADDRESSES  Class C addresses are usually set at a local university campus networks, used in small government entities.  Class C IP address is used to identify the first 3 octets of the network, while the last octet is to address users.  The first 3 bits are always 110.  Class C IP addresses are the smallest number 11000000 (192), the largest number 11011111 (223).Therefore all this addresses is class C addresses which beginning with the number between 192-223. EXAMPLE: 192.168.10.105

12. CLASS B IP ADDRESSES ClassNETWORK NUMBERHOST NUMBERINTERVALDEFAULT SUBNET MASK B1638465,534128-191 255.255.0.0

13. CLASS C IP ADDRESSES CLASSNETWORK NUMBERHOST NUMBERINTERVALDEFAULT SUBNET MASK C2,097,152254192-223 255.255.255.0

14. CLASS D IP ADDRESSES  Class D IP adresses used to multicast (a group of send data to the device)  The first four bits are 1110.  addresses beginning with the number 224 to 239 range are class D addresses.

15. CLASS E IP ADDRESSES  Class E addresses are not used on the Internet.  They are reserved for future use scientific studies with keep it private  The first 4 bits are 1111.  İts range between 240 and 255

16. IPv6 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) management of IP addresses that are maintained by IANA. In today's world, IPv4 addresses are insufficient because the internet users increases day by day.IPv6 was developed to solve this problem. This new generation internet protocol was developed for addressing and comminication of the devices that connect to the internet. IANA:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

17. Why do we need to IPv6? IPv4 have 32 bit structure 2 32 = 4.294.967.296 IPv6 have 128 bit structure the first 64 bit used for subnet mask also contains address block information. Address block, you will have a package is to provide routing on the way to the final links. The remaining 64 bits are used to determine the package when the last receiver has this link. IPv6 addresses is expressed as follows : 2045:ab28::6cef :85a1:331e:a66f:cdd1

18. SUBNET MASK Subnet mask is used to find out which network a computer's For class C IP addresses; From left to right is checked The first 3 octets shows network,last octet represent the host network Example: 192.168.1.44 and 192.168.1.66

19. SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS:192.168.1.44 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0 11000000101010000000000100101100 11111111111111111111111110000000 11000000101010000000000100000000 IP ADDRESS: 192.168.1.0

20. SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS:192.168.1.66 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0 11000000101010000000000101000010 11111111111111111111111110000000 11000000101010000000000100000000 IP ADDRESS: 192.168.1.0

21. SUBNET MASK EXAMPLE; IP Address: 12.22.128.34 will be divided into 8 subnet. a.Subnet address b.This subnet broadcast address c.The first assignable IP address d.The last assignable IP address

22. SUBNET MASK THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTION?

23. REFERENCES http://www.cemaltaner.com.tr/2011/06/16/ip-adresleri-ve-alt- ag-olusturma/ http://www.cemaltaner.com.tr/2011/06/16/ip-adresleri-ve-alt- ag-olusturma/ http://bidb.itu.edu.tr/seyirdefteri/blog/2013/09/07/alt- a%C4%9Flara-b%C3%B6lme-%28subnetting%29 http://bidb.itu.edu.tr/seyirdefteri/blog/2013/09/07/alt- a%C4%9Flara-b%C3%B6lme-%28subnetting%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/164015