1. Creating a CASE STUDY ! LO: to discover WHY we create case studies LO2: TO discover the key points you need to include in your case study STARTER: In 10 lines or more fully explain the meaning of this graph, use examples in your answer

2. What is a CASE STUDY? A case study is detailed piece of RESEARCH work on a particular place, person or event. It allows you to use real examples in your exam which is expected in the final 3 questions of your Final exam

3. What goes into a CASE STUDY? Background KEY FACTS Where in the world is the place? A couple of maps help! What countries and oceans are near it (if needed) Population of the country Capital City Is it a MEDC or a LEDC Are they affected by natural hazards often? Are they affected by other natural hazards?  What type of plate boundary is it, (diagram, labels)  What are the plates involved called? Size of event (Richter scale) Time of day (local time) Death toll Were some groups effected more than others? Injuries Economic cost to rebuild Percentage of country killed/injured

4. Prediction & Preparation Primary effects Secondary effects What had been done to predict the event? Was the event predictable, if not explain briefly why not What was done to prepare/get ready for a natural hazard? What were the Government doing ? Training, education, sirens? Planning? What were the general population doing to prepare for a disaster? Earthquake proofing? Stockpiling food? Earthquake kits? What machines were used to monitor the situation?  What were the primary effects of the hazard?  How many people did the primary hazard kill?  Were the primary effects worse than people had anticipated… why? o What were the secondary effects o Were they predicted? o Were they worse than expected? o How does each secondary effect link back in to the original primary effect (could make a table) Primary Led to Secondary

5. Management How did they Manage the event LONG TERM What was done? How quickly did the government act? What did they do to save lives? Where were the injured put? Was it good enough? Did the preparation help? Did other countries have to come and help? What did they do? Did Aid agencies and charities come to help? What did they do? BUILD a TIMELINE OF MANAGEMENT How much did the whole event cost, What were the effects on the Economy of the area? Was the country given money to rebuild from other countries? Are they making any new plans on how to deal with the disaster? E.g. quake proofing? Will they be prepared for the next one? EVIDENCE!

6. SICHUA N Background information : 1. A region located in China 2. China is officially a LEDC 3. Though parts of the country Is incredibly rich. 4. Second largest economy in The world 5. Capital city Beijing 6. Population = 1.4 billion people 7. Premier ( leader ) = Wen Jiabao 8. GNP = 10 trillion dollars per year ( per person = 4000 dollars } 9. Part of a collision boundary caused by Indian plate crashing into Eurasian plate. The fault is called the Longmenshan fault

7. Prediction and Preparation 1. Earthquake preparation in China has improved, the Chinese crustal movement observation centre monitor all earthquakes in china and use the information to plan and prepare 2. China have a hugely complex series of faults and tectonic plates, as such China has a huge history of suffering from earthquakes. 3. China Government built ALL school buildings and they were planned to be earthquake resistant. For more preparation see long term management & future

8. KEY FACTS 1. MAY 12 th 2008 2.2.28 pm local time 3.8.0 on Richter scale 4. Depth of focus – 12 miles, due to solid rock seismic waves didn ' t lose energy 5. Death toll 69,000 6. Injuries over 350,000 7. Over 200 major aftershocks 8.5 million left homeless 9.15 million people affected 10. Gov pledged $146 billion to rebuild areas

9. Primary effects PRIMARY 5 million buildings collapsed 21 million homes badly damaged 7000 schools destroyed 69,000 dead 370,000 injured 5000 km of pipes damaged 1300 water treatment plants destroyed Irrigation systems and barns broken affecting farming in region 2 chemical factories destroyed 1 train pulling fuel tanks derails and explodes Roads destroyed or Blocked by falling debris

10. Secondary effects SOCIAL At least 5 million people made homeless Water pipes damaged limiting survivors access to clean water Landslides cause roads to be blocked Blocked roads slows down the relief access as ARMY has to dig through landslides ENVIRONMENTAL Landslides block rivers high up in mountains above many of the affected towns, This leads to the creation of “ quake lakes ” water begins to back up behind the slides. 80,000 tons of poisonous AMMONIA from factories leak into soil ECONOMIC High cost of clear up Shops closed due to high damage Stock exchange for the whole of China closed down for 1 day costing the country million of dollars

11. SHORT TERM response first week Survivors begin digging looking for other survivors 20 Army helicopters sent into help in first 24 hours Army begin clearing roads through the mountains to get to the area affected ARMY CLEAR QUAKE LAKES using helicopters to carry heavy machinery up to the lakes Blood donor centres set up 24 hours in the army begins parachuting in regiments of soldiers to help with the relief effort. 14 th May, China request help from international Governments and Aid Agencies ( first time ever ) 1 million shelters donated Red cross donate food, medicine and water Relief teams from all around the world arrive to help

12. Tofu dreg scandal The Government were first praised for their quick work, but soon the people turned against them over the collapse of THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS Many built during 1970’ s and 1980’ s Bribes, thievery, and poor building standards meant that the buildings were not earthquake proof and fell down in areas of Sichuan where no other building was damaged. Chinese gov promised to look into allegations of bribery and builders stealing the Rebars, nothing has been done China lifted the 1 child policy to allow grieving parents to have another child

13. Long term response 1 month to 10 years Government pledged $146 billion to rebuild Changed rules on the creation of new buildings, strict building regulations Increased training for Army and emergency response teams on how to deal with similar situations Better education for all people on what to do in an emergency, training on where to go, what to bring with you Checking all surviving schools and hospitals and retro fitting earthquake proofing into them Schools must have earthquake drills 1 day a year is earthquake training day where all citizens MUST attend courses and training

17. Exam Questions choose 1!! Explain using examples why Earthquakes in LEDC’s are more devastating than in MEDC’s [8] How can good preparation and management reduce death toll in earthquakes [8]