1. Democracy

2. Cuba Government enacted The Agrarian Reform Law which nationalized all companies and lands property from U.S that were located in the island. 1960 Diplomatic Relationships between Cuba & U.S. were broken 1961 Washington responded by imposign a commercial, economic and financial embargo against Cuba that began on February 07, 1962 1962 Cuba signed agreements with the USSR that guaranteed the Soviet financial assistance, the commercial development between both countries. 1972 President Jimmy Carter removed the restriction for Americans to travel to Cuba and some restrictions were diminished. 1979 Ronald Reagan turned to tighten the measures against Cuba 1982 Collapse of the USSR, the aid and commercial subsidies from the Soviet block to Cuba were finished. The U.S. tightened more the sanctions against Cuba including laws such as the Torricelli Act and the Helms Burton Ac 90’s Now with 47 years in effect, the embargo became the oldest in our era

3.  This analysis aims to focus on the main barriers and arguments that have led to worsening the embargo against Cuba.  With negotiation tools, it will be examined the availability that both countries have to reach an agreement.  Finally this paper will expose the events that could help to suggest how to achieve a better negotiation.

4. − Hard Position: Through the Agrarian Reform Act. The State appropriated of lands and companies that belonged to U.S. That’s why Castro’s position is to demonstrate that the communist system is more powerful. Cuba: United States: Hard Position: The U.S government deepens the embargo by enacting 2 laws : "Torricelli Act" that imposes sanctions to discourage third countries to have commercial and financial relationships with Cuba. “Helms-Burton Act” That imposes sanctions to penalize companies that have trading relations with other companies located on the island.

5. The U.S. on having implemented The "Torricelli Act” and “Helms- Burton Act” linking its position with a Salami strategy as a form to close the trade ways to Cuba with the articles that this laws are demanding. (Wiggins & Lowry, 2005, p.71)

6. Cuba: − Little interest towards lifting the embargo. Castro is interested in continuing at the helm of Cuba, to be against of the capitalism and the liberalism, that’s why he has not demonstrated a real interest in lifting the embargo. United States: - The Cuban government must legalize all the political activities, ensure free elections, guarantee independent justice system, allow private media and telecommunications companies, deliver up lands and firms that belonged to the United States, respect the human rights of the population and end dictatorship through the democracy.

7. Cuba: - Keep the properties that belonged to US. Fidel Castro can negotiate on the properties or deliver them, so that US might lift the embargo. United States: -Torricelli and Helms-Burton laws. With both U.S. is based its tactic on the power of legitimacy because if CUBA obeys the conditions the U.S. can lift the embargo and probably they might dissolve the laws.

8. Both Parties using Dominant Strategy

9. I told you U.S.. I don’t Want To play! Me too… I don’t want to play Owing to both parties utilize a dominant strategy, both parties do not want to play because they want to maintain their negative position. United States through different laws are punishing Cuba, and this country refuses to cooperate by maintaining its actual position in order to continue with its economic system instead of allowing a free market.

11.  A research conducted by the Cuba Policy Foundation shows that U.S. farmers lose $1.24 billion each year due to the embargo. (Maness, 2003)  However if the embargo is lifted the United States might receipt additionally $ 1.6 billion in U.S. GDP, $ 2.8 billion in sales and 31,262 jobs. (Maness, 2003)  The Trade Sanctions and Export Reform Act of 2000 allow cash sales on agricultural products in the United States and during 2003 Cuba was capable to purchased about $ 200 million in U.S. food and agricultural products. (Maness, 2003) Source: http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba427/

12.  Cuba might increase its exports to begin selling its products with U.S. businessmen. (Ministry of Foreign Trade, 1995, p.6) Cuba might obtain credit to pay for U.S. imports. (Ministry of Foreign Trade, 1995, p. 7) Cuba might get U.S. tourism which could help to receive foreign exchange income for the development on its economy. ( Ministry of Foreign Trade, 1995, p. 7) Cuba might use the dollar currency to make transactions in the international market, because at present its payments or chasings in this currency are confiscated. ( Ministry of Foreign Trade, 1995, p. 7) Cuba might begin international trade with other countries. (Ministry of Foreign Trade, 1995, p. 7)

13.  U.S step by step might go towards the softening of the sanctions using an Integrative Bargaining that would identify the main interests of each country and showing different alternatives and mutual benefits for the agreements.  U.S. might measure the results of Cuba commitments and be yielding a little more.  U.S. might try to induce changes in Cuban behavior by positive reinforcement.  U.S. within its strategy might incorporate the tactics of “moving toward commitment gradually” since it will allow to be improving the relations with Cuba based on results and commitments.

14.  May be President Obama is already giving the first positive steps to modify the sanctions because he has promised make changes to the sanctions and to facilitate conditions to do business in agriculture and telecommunications.  President Obama mentioned his good intention to be more flexible regarding traveling between Cuba and the U.S.  Only if U.S demonstrates its willingness to cooperate softening the restrictions, Cuba might guarantee the respect to the human rights in the island.

15.  A negotiation can be achieved only through cooperation because each objectives and interests of the parties can be satisfied partially and I think that a change of a regimen by the Cuban government perhaps is not the best way to the cooperation, it would be desirable to find other areas for understanding otherwise the embargo would remain in effect forever