1. Textile English TASK 3 HAVE A LOOK AT THE YARNS AND PRODUCTION- Conventional Spinning

2. Conventional spinning has traditionally consisted of a series of operations performed by individual machines and has involved a great deal of hand labor. Although continuous spinning and some automation have come into use, spinning is still a long and expensive process. Conventional spinning automationcome into use Paragraph Ⅰ

3. The different operations are designed to: (1) clean and parallel staple fibers;parallel (2) draw them out into a fine strand; (3) twist them to keep them together and give them strength. Paragraph Ⅰ

4. Paragraph Ⅱ Spinning may be done by any one of five conventional systems that are adapted to the characteristics of the fiber------length, cohesiveness, diameter, elasticity, and surface contour. Because the cotton system is representative of the rest, it is discussed here in detail. elasticitycontour

5. The term “Opening” here refers to opening and cleaning operations performed in the opening and blowing room of the cotton mill.Opening Paragraph Ⅲ - Opening

6. These operations include the opening or loosening of the baled cotton, the removing of impurities, the blending of fibers of different grades, and finally the forming of blended fibers into laps ready for the card.baled Paragraph Ⅲ - Opening

7. In the process of continuous spinning system, after the opening operation, there come several different operations. These are carding, drawing, combing, roving and spinning.cardingdrawing combing, roving Paragraph Ⅲ - Opening

8. Carding partially straightens the fibers and forms them into a thin web, which is brought together as a soft rope of fibers called a carded sliver. The carding machine consists of cylinders, flats, licker-in and doffers covered with heavy fabric embedded with especially bent wires.partially straightens carded slivercylinders flats, licker-in and doffers Paragraph Ⅳ - Carding

9. Drawing increases the parallelism of the fibers and combines several carded slivers into one drawn sliver. This is a blending operation that contributes to greater yarn uniformity.parallelismdrawn sliver Paragraph Ⅴ - Drawing

10. If long staple fibers are to be spun, carding and drawing will be followed by combing. The fundamental purpose of combing is to parallel fibers and to remove any short and crossed fibers from the long staple so that the combed fibers will be more uniform in length. Paragraph Ⅵ - Combing

11. Roving reduces the drawn sliver, increases the parallelism of the fibers, and inserts a small amount of twist. The product is called a roving. It is a softly twisted strand of fibers about the size of a pencil. Paragraph Ⅶ - Roving

12. Spinning adds the twist to make the yarn------a single spun yarn. There are different kinds of spinning ways, some of them, for example, ring spinning, flyer spinning, or cap spinning, draws the roving, operation, while others finish the two actions of twisting and winding separately.ring spinningflyer spinningcap spinning Paragraph Ⅷ - Spinning

13. Note: conventional spinning 传统纺纱 automation 自动化，自动操作 come into use 开始被使用 parallel 平行的，同方向的 （使）与。。。平行 Paragraph Ⅰ Back

14. Note: elasticity 弹 性，弹 力 contour [‘k ɔ ntuə] 轮廓，外形，结构 Paragraph Ⅱ Back

15. Note: opening 清 花 bale 将。。。打成大包（捆） carding 梳 棉 drawing 并 条 combing ['kəumiŋ] 精 梳 roving ['rəuviŋ] 粗 纱 Paragraph Ⅲ Back

16. Note: partially 部分的 straighten 把。。。弄直，使挺直 carded sliver 粗梳棉条 cylinder 滚 筒 flat 平 板 licker-in 刺 辊 doffers [d ɔ fə] 盖板 ( 脱棉器, 小滚筒 ) Paragraph Ⅳ Back

17. Note: parallelism 平 行 drawn sliver 熟 条 Paragraph Ⅴ Back

18. Note: ring spinning 环锭纺 flyer spinning 翼锭纺 cap spinning 帽锭纺 Paragraph Ⅷ Back

19. Thank You!