2. D. Evan Stribling

3.  a larger mass of compacted snow and ice that moves under the force of its own gravity (weight)  They erode in some places deposit in others

5.  Areas ALWAYS covered by snow  Can form at any latitude as long as elevation is high enough  Snow line- lowest elevation at which the layer of permanent snow occurs in summer  If an area ever does not have snow it is below the snow line

7.  Begin as firn (a granular ice material similar to a snowball)  Firn piles up in layers and ice crystals enlarge  Once weight of layers travels under its own weight it is a glacier

8. 1. valley (alpine)- forms in valleys of mountains  Smaller, all continents except Australia, Largest ones in Alaska 2. continental  Polar regions, thousands of meters thick, Greenland and Antarctica, circular or oval in shape  If breaks off and reaches sea is called an iceberg

10.  Glaciers are always moving  Friction from bedrock slows glacier- therefore top and middle of glacier move faster (same with streams!)

12. 1. Basal slip- friction between glacier and ground melts ice, reduces friction, allows glacier to move due to gravity  Only at base 2. Plastic flow- crystals deform continuously allowing them to slide past one another  Crystals end up very long, flat and thin, If glacier reaches a steep slope crevasses (cracks at the surface) form. Observed by placing stakes in glacier.

13.  Removes loose material, which then is used in abrasion  Till- unsorted, unstratified material left by a glacier  Moraine- deposit of till  Lateral moraine- side, medial moraine- 2 glaciers and their moraines meet, terminal moraine- at ice front

14.  Rock Flour- clay and silt beneath glacier from crushing of rock  Glacial Milk- melt water with rock flour in it  Striations- long parallel scratches Show direction of movement  Most post glacial rock is polished smooth  *Plucking- glacial ice melts, fills cracks in rock, refreezes and breaks rock, then material is carried off

15. 1. Outwash- material deposited by glacial melt water- sorted and stratified 2. Moraines- deposits of till 3. Drumlins- long, smooth, canoe-shaped hills found in groups  Thought to form when a glacier runs over a previous moraine  Point in direction of movement

17. 4. Outwash plains- broad flat areas in front of a glacier 5. Eskers- winding ridges of sediment created by deposition of a stream running through a glacier 6. Kames- cone shaped hills of stratified (layered) sand and gravel  Form where streams flowing on top of a glacier drop their load at the ice front or in mid glacial lakes

19. 7. Kettles- bowl shaped hallows in moraines and outwash plains  Form where a block of ice has been buried 8. Lakes- moraine dammed and kettle lakes

21.  A. where snow is always present A.  B. below the snow line B.  C. low elevation C.  D. can form anywhere D.

22.  A. Inertia A.  B. Gravity B.  C. Liquid water C.  D. Slick ice D.

23.  A. Kame A.  B. Esker B.  C. Drumlin C.  D. Moraine D.

24.  A. Outwash plain A.  B. Esker B.  C. Kettle C.  D. Kames D.

25.  A. Ocean currents A.  B. Earth flow B.  C. Stream C.  D. Mud slide D.

28.  Enviro-Tacklebox: Module 4: Forces in the Environment: Glaciers: Movers and Shapers. Louisiana Public Broadcasting (2002). Retrieved March 26, 2008, from unitedstreaming: http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/ http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/  Spaulding, N. (2003). Earth Science. Illinois: McDougal Littell  Stafford County Public Schools Retrieved March 26, 2008: www.cfhs.orgwww.cfhs.org