1. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 1 Front End Electronics for GEM detector  Neutron detectors and GEM technology  Readout and electronics  Carioca and Gemini Chip  FPGA data acquisition board  HVGEM power supply  GEMpix  Summary F. Murtas CERN-INFN A.Balla, A.Baschirotto, G.Claps, G.Corradi, G.Croci, A.Pietropaolo, A.Balla, A.Baschirotto, G.Claps, G.Corradi, G.Croci, A.Pietropaolo, A.Pezzotta, S.Puddu, L.Quintieri, D.Tagnani

2. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 2 10 B Cathode for thermal neutron Thermal Neutrons interact with 10 B, and alfas are emitted entering in the gas volume generating a detectable signal. Al Support Gas gap (Ar CO 2 ) 10 B Thermal neutrons Alfas Actually 4% efficiency... working to obtain 70%. Good candidate as 3 He replacement detector Low Efficiency Big active area Beam Monitor and transmission Side-On detector cathode Thermal neutrons Alfas High Efficiency Small active area

3. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 3 Polyethilene for fast neutron Fast Neutrons interact with H, and protons are emitted entering in the gas volume generating a detectable signal. Idrogenate Support Gas gap (Ar CO 2 ) Al Thermal neutrons Protons Actually 0.1% efficiency... working to obtain few %. Low Efficiency Big active area Beam Monitor and transmission Side-On detector cathode Thermal neutrons Protons High Efficiency Small active area

4. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 4 Gas Electron Multiplier 70 µm140 µm A Gas Electron Multiplier (F.Sauli, NIM A386 531 1997) is made by 50  m thick kapton foil, copper clad on each side and perforated by an high surface-density of bi-conical channels; 50 µm 1.1m x 0.45m different shapes

5. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 5 Working point for GEM detectors The alfas produce an higher ionization respect to protons that allow a wider plateau before the gamma background Really low level of gamma background

6. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 6 Cartesian Small angle Pads  Gain and readout functions on separate electrodes  Fast electron charge collected on patterned anode GEM Readout 40% of electron signal (from HV) 60% of electron signal Particle conversion Gain Readout

7. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 7 A Sealed Triple GEM construction The glued detectors described in this seminar are built starting form the standard 10x10cm 2 : only one GEM foil has been modified to have central electrodes. The GEM are stretched and a G10 frame is glued on top The frame for the G3 foil has been modified for the gas inlet G3 G2 G1 128 pads 6x12 mm 2

8. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 8 Pad readouts Different pad geometry but always with 128 channels 0.5x0.5 mm 2 0.5x3 mm 2 3x6 mm 2 6x12 mm 2 CNAO and cyclotron 2x2 mm 2 CNAO and Lead Ion Radiotherapy Neutron and TPC Radioactive waste Thermal neutron 3x24 mm 2

9. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 9 The FEE board Carioca GEM The card is based on *Carioca Chip and has been designed and realized in Frascati by Gianni Corradi ; Total dimension : 3x6 cm 2 16 channels for each card: channel density of 1 ch/cm 2 Sensitivity of 2-3 fC; LVDS output (25 ns); Radhard; Extremely modular and usable for GEM applications * Development of the CARIOCA front-end chip for the LHCb muon detector. W. Bonivento, et al NIM A491:233-243,2002 All the anode PCB have been designed with the same connector layout for a total of 128 channels

10. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 10 Carioca Card Sensitivity The sensitivity has been measured injecting a charge between 5 and 20 fC with different width Q = 5 fC width=10 ns LVDS 5 ns Q = 5 fC width=20 ns Q = 5 fC width=30 ns LVDS 15 ns LVDS 17 ns

11. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 11 Carioca Card Sensitivity The sensitivity is measured vs two different thresholds DAC Threshold on power supplyThreshold on Carioca 6mV/fC

12. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 12 Gemini chip We are working with Milano Bicocca for the construction of a new chip : Radiation hardness Charge measurement Higher channel density On September 2013 we received the first chips with 8 channels Test in progress Time development A.Baschirotto,G.Corradi,F.Murtas,A.Pezzzotta

13. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 13 GEMINI vs Carioca Performance ParameterGEMINICARIOCA* CMOS Technology0.13 µm0.25 µm Supply Voltage1.8 V2.5 V Max. Input Detector Capacitance15 pF120 pF Max. Count Rate4∙10 6 cps8∙10 5 cps ENC418 e - 450 e - Power Consumption3.8 mW/ch.12 mW/ch. Photo of the GEMINI chip (8 channels)

14. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 14 We have an Intelligent Mother Board with an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) on board able to count the 128 channel hits and/or measure the time respect to a trigger (1 ns) ; the data are readable through an Ethernet connection (LNF A.Balla, P.Ciambrone, M.Gatta). Threshlds settings Slices acquisition Integration time (untill 20-30 µs) Delay to trigger Total Counts vs time FPGA Board : Realtime DAQ

15. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 15 Real-time electrodes current measurements: each channel has a nano-Ammeter which measures the current with a sensitivity of 10 nA. GEM Voltage (gain) Fields Labview Control Pannel for the High Voltage NIM standard HVGEM Modlue Power Supply High Voltage Module for triple-GEM detector G.Corradi

16. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 16 A triple GEM detector system HVGEM HV Filters 3 GEM detector FPGA Board 128 ch FPGA Board 128 ch Netbook 12 V PS Charged particles X Ray GammasNeutrons

17. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 17 Measurements with time slices at NTOF Time spectrum (1ms/bin) 150ms total gate Single event online measurement 100 events online measurement

18. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 18 GEMPIX detector

19. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 19 Pixelated detector The Medipix is a silicon detector with 50x50 micron pixels Matrix of 256x256 pixels Active area of 1.4x1.4 mm Power supplied by USB The idea is to use the readout ASIC Chip without the Si sensor to measure the electron clusters produced by the GEM

20. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 20 GEMpix Assembling Quad medipix board The detector has two main parts : - The quad medipix with a naked devices - The triple gem detector with HV filters and connector New HV GEM board Top view M.Campbell, J.Alzoy

21. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 21 Head on detector Gas flux AR CO 2 The detector is a quad naked medipix : The active area is 9 cm 2 Triple GEM Mylar window Particles to be analysed 3 mm ionization gap This type of device can be used for neutron detection if a film of polyethylene or Boron is deposited on the cathode

22. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 22 Gem foils and frame A new GEM layout has been designed Active area of 28x28 mm 2 The electordes path have been designed to avoid the medipix wire bonding. Produced by Rui De Oliveira. New frames were designed 10x10 cm 2 to fit the Quadmedipix board 5 different thickness (from 1 to 5 mm) Wire bonding position

23. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 23 Assembling the GEM foils The three GEM foils are assembled on top of HV GEM board A new board for HV power supply as been designed and made in Frascati (D.Tagnani)

24. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 24 Two prototype of GEMPIX Head-on detector Side-on detector HV Connector Medipix DAQ box

25. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 25 Signals from radioactive source Cosmic Xray Cobalt Compton electron Alphas Alpha These pictures were taken with radiactive sources of 55 Fe Cesium and Americium Using a gas mixture of Ar/CO 2 /CF 4 45/15/40 With a gain of 6000 and an induction field of 2 kV/cm

26. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 26 Cluster Analysis Xray( 55 Fe) vs Gammas ( 60 Co) Cluster type Cluster volume Inner size Border size Size Size y vs size x

27. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 27 Medipix for neutron detector Medipix is a silicon detector with 50x50 micron pixels Matrix of 256x256 pixels Active area of 1.4x1.4 mm Power supplied by USB Different converters have been placed in front of medipix and background measurement made around the ATLAS experiment at CERN First tryals of boron deposition on Medipix made by G.Celentano (ENEA) Test in progress at CERN.

28. F. Murtas CERN-INFN Frascati December 2 th 2013 – He3 free detectors Italy Workshop 28 Summary In Frascati a compact and complete system of Front End Electronics for GEM detectors has been developed. Recently very good results have been obtained with fast and thermal neutron detectors with high spatial and time resolution High dinamic range in rate measurements with very low gamma background have been obtained. The new GEMINI chip is under construction and test and it will replace the old Carioca chip with higher performance. Interesting progress on neutron detection with high pixelated detector both with GEMpix and Medipix but they are slow devices that require a pattern recognition program