1. Rocks and Landforms I-1 Notes

2. Type of Rocks

3. Sedimentary Rocks

4. Sediment Made of loose pieces of minerals and rocks (gravel, sand, silt, and clay) Often contains the remains of living things Comes from rocks that have weathered Weathered pieces of rock are then eroded and moved by running water, wind, waves, or ice

5. May also form from material left behind by the evaporation of seawater, or from the remains of animals and plants in oceans, lakes, or swamps

6. Sediment becomes compacted and cemented into sedimentary rock Sediment becomes buried by new layers of sediment Burial increases the temperature and pressure New minerals are deposited around grains of sediment cementing them into solid rock

7. Properties of Sedimentary Rock Layers Contains partially worn grains

9. Igneous Rocks Made of minerals Atoms of minerals are in a well-ordered structure Rocks consist of grains or crystals of one or more minerals Rocks come from melted rock called magma

10. Two categories Intrusive Extrusive

11. Intrusive Magma becomes solid SLOWLY under the Earth’s surface Forms LARGE crystals

13. Extrusive Magma solidifies RAPIDLY on the Earth’s surface Forms crystals too small to see without a magnifying glass or microscope

15. Characteristics of Igneous Rock Are very hard Made of interlocking crystals Layering is not common

16. Metamorphic Rock A rock that has become changed from some original rock by high temperature and/or pressure as it is buried.

17. During the “metamorphism” Rock does not melt New minerals grow at the expense of the original minerals Rock remains solid

18. Sometimes metamorphism happens because a body of very hot magma moves next to solid rock, raising its temperature

19. Characteristics of metamorphic rock Often layered Different layers may have different mineral composition Minerals may have shapes like plates or flaky layers that line up parallel

21. The Rock Cycle Combination of the processes that act to break down rocks, move sedimentary materials, and produce new rocks. Processes operate very slowly (tens of thousands of years to many millions of years)