1. Ерменбаева Г.К. Костанайский государственный университет им. А. Байтурсынова

3. The early history of America The first people to live in North America came from Asia by a land bridge in the Bering Strait in several waves between 10 000 and 30 000 years ago. These people may have been following herds of buffalo or mammoths. They hunted, fished, and where soil permitted they planted crops and farmed the land. They are known as American Indians or Native Americans. While may of these peoples retained a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle until modern times, others lived in permanent villages and were primarily farmers, and in some regions they created advanced state level societies with monumental architecture and large-scale, organized cities (mostly in Southern America).

4. The early history of America Research suggests that while walking, or could start a little later process of development of the southern part of the continent and from the west, which could get a small group of people from Polynesia. The first inhabitants of North America - the Indians and Eskimos as a whole for many centuries were at different stages of the primitive communal system

5. The early history of America The level of social development and culture of ancient civilizations - the Aztecs, Incas and Mayans settled in Central and South America, in what is now Mexico was much higher. The newcomers came to the continent for many centuries, and from different regions of the globe and in small groups, so they not only spoke different languages (with the exception of the Eskimos and Aleuts one semantic group), but different in appearance. Even neighboring tribes were different lifestyle and to communicate using sign language. His writing they did not have, which explains the complete lack of documentary evidence about the life of the first Americans.

6. The early history of America

7. The best-known Indian tribes, which left its mark on American history, is an Algonquian language group, which included abnaki, mohegane (Mohicans), Narragansett, Delaware and Chief Powhatan, who took the vast territory from Canada in the north to Virginia in the south and from the Atlantic coast in the east to the Appalachian mountains in the west.

8. The early history of America The ownership of the Algonquian tribes of the earth hit northeastern militant confederation of five tribes of the Iroquois (Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida and Mohawk), the most politically organized of all the Indian tribes in America

9. The early history of America An equally militant tribes were muskog, mastered the southeast of the modern United States and enters into a confederation cries, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes

10. The early history of America To the north of them formed the Cherokee tribe. The only Indian tribe in North America, where there were complex class system and an absolute monarchy were nachezy However, it should be noted that the Iroquois also had a developed political system, while the Kwakiutl Indians formed a complex based on the principles of private property social order. Within its framework there was the upper stratum of leaders and nobles who used slaves from among the captives and the debtors

11. The early history of America Social relations were characterized by the presence of patriarchal slavery, developed commodity exchange, wealth inequality In the southwest of the most developed agricultural tribes were Pueblo Indians (Keres, Hopi, Zuni, and others). They practiced irrigation farming, built large communal houses, owned pottery better than other Indian peoples of North America and conducted a lively exchange with neighboring tribes.

12. The early history of America The total number of Indians who inhabited the present territory of the United States and Canada, at the time of the discovery of America in 1492 by Christopher Columbus was, according to various reports, no more than 1 million people (at the end of the XV century. The population of Central and South America reached 15 million).

13. The early history of America The first visit to the continent by Europeans did not have any impact on the lives of the indigenous population - Indians

14. The early history of America The first Europeans in the New World became Spanish. Discovery of America by the Spanish expedition was preceded by numerous Portuguese navigators in other parts of the world unknown to them - so opened the west coast of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope and India. In search of the shortest sea route from Europe to India and America was discovered