1. OBSERVING THE OPERCULUM MOVEMENT OF THE FISH DEPENDING ON THE CONTENT AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER

2. Introduction The operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the gills. In most fish, the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between the head and the body. The operculum is composed of four fused bones; the opercle, preopercle, interopercle, and subopercle. These appear to be derived from the separate gill-slit covers of an elasmobranch ancestor of the teleost fishes. The posterior rim of the operculum is equipped with a flexible, ribbed structure which acts as a seal to prevent reverse water flow during respiration. Article source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operculum_(fish)

3. Objective To determine the factors those affect the operculum movement of the fishes depending on the components of the water where the fish lives.  There is no significant difference between the purely tap water and the water with detergent on the operculum movement of the fish. Hypothesis

4. Materials  50 grams of ice  20 grams of detergent powder  2 thermometers  3 cylinders with 500 mL of water each  3 goldfishes with same length, color, shape and specie Materials

5. Methods  Materials needed for the experiment were prepared.  Each of the three cylinders were filled with 500mL of tap water.  20 g of detergent powder were placed in one of the cylinder and 50 g of ice to the other cylinder. One cylinder were left with purely tap water in it.  The fishes were placed individually in each cylinder. The timer and thermometer were set and waited for the reaction of the fishes. Methods

6. Result Amount of Water Temperature (in C) Operculum movement of fish/min Water with 20g of detergent500 ml 29 120 Water with 50g of ice500 ml 25 76 Purely tap water500 ml29 88

7. Discussion  The water mixed with detergent powder greatly affect the movement of operculum of the fish. Fish are meant to live in a 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom in able to breath normally, thus adding detergent makes the fish's operculum to cause abnormalities because the water was contaminated with other elements or lacked with oxygen atom

8.  The temperature of the water where the fish lives, can also affect its operculum movement because cold water causes an increase in oxygen, in the water, which makes it easier for the fish to breathe.

9. Conclusion Therefore, the researchers conclude that the content of water can affect the operculum movement of the fish. The chemicals like detergent powder and the temperature of the water can cause the operculum movement of the fish to change.

10. References  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F ish http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F ish  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Operculum_(fish) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Operculum_(fish)

11. Authors ABCEDE, Jean AVISADO, Era Fine CATURLA, Daphne Bless LUMOGDANG, Raya Mae Authors