1. Date of download: 6/2/2016 From: The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(1):47-54. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00009 Clinical importance scores for 11 cardiac sounds and murmurs.Scores attributed by program directors in internal medicine and cardiology are reported as means on a six-step scale, with 6 = extremely important. MR denotes mitral regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AI, aortic insufficiency; MS, mitral stenosis rumble; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RUB, pericardial rub; S4, S4 gallop; S3, S3 gallop; OS, opening snap of mitral stenosis; MSCLK, mid-systolic click; and ESCLK, early systolic click. The diagonal line indicates identity between internal medicine and cardiology directors' opinion. Significance is reported for difference of opinion between the two groups of directors. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

2. Date of download: 6/2/2016 From: The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(1):47-54. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00009 Accuracy in identifying six cardiac murmurs and six extra-sounds according to type of training.PCardiology fellows are represented in black, medical students in white, and medical residents in the striped pattern. MR, mitral regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AS/AI, aortic stenosis and insufficiency; AI, aortic insufficiency; OS/MS, opening snap and mitral stenosis, rumble; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RUB, pericardial rub; S4, S4 gallop; S3, S3 gallop; OS, opening snap of mitral stenosis; MSCLK, mid-systolic click; and ESCLK, early systolic click. Accuracy is reported as percentage of correct answers. Adjusted scores were calculated whenever the respondents selected not only the correct finding but also findings acoustically similar and yet absent. The adjusted score considered these type of answers to be invalid. Significance is reported for improvement across the three types of training (* all < 0.02). Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

3. Date of download: 6/2/2016 From: The Teaching and Practice of Cardiac Auscultation during Internal Medicine and Cardiology Training: A Nationwide Survey Ann Intern Med. 1993;119(1):47-54. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00009 Accuracy rates, according to year of internal medicine training.PThird-year medical residents are indicated in black and first-year medical residents, in white. MR, mitral regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; AS/AI, aortic stenosis and insufficiency; AI, aortic insufficiency; OS/MS, opening snap and mitral stenosis rumble; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; RUB, pericardial rub; S4, S4 gallop; S3, S3 gallop; OS, opening snap of mitral stenosis; MSCLK, mid-systolic click; and ESCLK, early systolic click. Accuracy is reported as percentage of correct answers. Adjusted scores were calculated whenever the respondents selected not only the correct finding but also findings acoustically similar and yet absent. The adjusted score considered these type of answers to be invalid. Significance is reported for improvement across the internal medicine training (* all < 0.04). Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians