1. Structural Steel Submitted to:- Prof. C.S.S. Submitted by:- Sarpreet singh (140389 )

2. Why Steel is suitable ? It can develop good bond with concrete as co- efficient of expansion of steel is nearly equal to that of concrete Steel = 11.7 x 10 ^-6/degree C Concrete = 9.9 x 10^-6/degree C High Tensile strength Highly elastic Easily available, durable & cheap

3. MILD Steel Plain bars *IS 432 (Part I) -1982 Composition:- 0.05%-0.25% carbon These are plain round and hot rolled bars having definite yield point i.e. 250 N/mm^2 for Fe-250 Grade. It is also known as low carbon steel.

4. Properties of Mild Steel bars High Ductility Economical Weldable Easily available Yield on overloading, so give sufficient warning before failure MS bars need hooks and bends at their ends.

5. HYSD BARS * IS 1786 -1985 Composition:- 0.8 %-0.1 % carbon and 0.06% sulpher. These are obtained by subjecting the MS bars to cold working by tensioning and twisting to increase yield strength. These are generally available in Fe-415 & Fe- 500 Grade.

6. Properties of HYSD bars High Yield strength (50% more than plain bars) High tensile strength (i.e. 1400 – 1900 N/mm^2 ) High Bond strength as (60% more than round bars) Reduced length for overlaps as they do not need end hooks

7. TMT BARS Composition:- 0.25 %-0.30 % carbon and 0.04% sulpher. Thermomechanical processing, also known as thermo-mechanical treated bars' (TMT), is a metallurgical process that integrates forging, rolling and work hardening with heat treatment process. These are generally available in TMT Fe-415 & TMT Fe-500 Grade.

8. Properties of TMT bars High Yield strength High tensile strength (10% more than HYSD bars) Savings of 14 – 19% steel Better Corrosion Resistance Good Weld-ability Reduced length for overlaps as they do not need end hooks

9. CRS Bars (Corrosion resistant steel) Composition:- 0.18 % carbon and 1.5% Chromium. Properties of CRS bars CRS Bars reduces the rate of corrosion from the time of construction and thus lengthening the life of structure. Most suited for reinforcement concrete in salty area and coastal area

10. Applications of CRS bars Oil Gas Exploration sites. Bridge Dam Construction. Highway Flyover Construction. Sea Port Construction. Thermal Hydel Power Station Construction. Industrial Structures.