1. Commercially available Natural Pozzolans in North America
Joseph Thomas
Committee 240
Natural Pozzolans
Presented: 27 Oct 2014

2. Natural Pozzolans A Brief History
Greeks/Romans are the first known to have purposefully incorporated natural pozzolans into their construction programs.
The Romans, famously, are the first to use concrete on grand scale, to construct public buildings, monuments, & infrastructure such as roads and ports.
Roman concrete, or Opus Caementicium, was the key ingredient in such iconic structures as the Coliseum and the Pantheon. Roman cement was simply lime, natural pozzolan, and water. Add aggregates, and you have Roman concrete, with examples enduring for over 2000 years……

3. Roman concrete endures Millennia

4. Modern Concrete, without pozzolan….
…as a rule, does not endure nearly as well :

5. Ancient pozzolans were derived from….
Natural volcanic ash, pumicites, and pumice
Pulverized clay based bricks (fired)
Modern pozzolans are largely…..
Industrial by-products such as Flue or Fly Ash from the coal fired power generation process, ground GBFS from steel production, & Silica Fume derived from the silicon production process

6. Natural Pozzolans (NP) are used extensively outside of North America…..
Examples per US Geological Survey….. Country Tons of NP/yr Type Saudi Arabia 1,000,000 pumice Italy 4,000,000 pumice Greece 285,000 pumice Ecuador 640,000 pumice Cameroon 600,000 pumice Chile 816,000 pumice USA <100,000 est. pumice/mk/shale

7. Why Not North America?
1. No long-term history of using pumice products in construction projects (unlike Europe).
2. Industrial by-products widely available and inexpensive.
3. Need for pozzolan in concrete not as widely accepted here as it is in other locations. Much of the cement in Central & South America, Africa, and southern Europe (and Iceland) is amended with natural pozzolans (similar to 1P cements).
4. Only about 50% of US based concrete has a pozzolan included in the mix design (Karthik).

8. Will Natural Pozzolans ever become widely accepted in North America?
1. When fly ash quality is effectively reduced to a point where current ASTM certification is no longer possible…..
2. When fly ash availability is diminished…..
3. When the cost of good, quality Class F fly ash approaches the current cost of natural pozzolans…….
4. Then, natural pozzolans will begin to make their mark in concrete infrastructure (outside of the specialty markets they now serve)….

9. Natural Pozzolan Calcined and Raw
Part I: Calcined Natural Pozzolans
MetaKaolin & Expanded Shale
Part II: Raw Natural Pozzolans
Pumice, Pumicite & Zeolite

10. Part I - Natural Pozzolans: Calcined
Metakaolins – 5

11. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (1 of 5)
Producer: Advanced Cement Technology
Brand Name: PowerPozz (Metakaolin)
435 Martin Street, Suite 2040 Blaine, WA
Color: Off-White
D50: 4.5
SpG: 2.6

12. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (2 of 5)
Producer: BASF – North America (Georgia)
Product Name: MetaMax (Metakaolin)
Address: 100 Park Avenue Florham Park, New Jersey 07932
Inquiries:  (800) 669-BASF or (973)
Color: 85% GE
D50: 1.5u micron
pH: 6

13. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (3 0f 5)
Producer: Burgess
Brand Name: OptiPozz (Metakaolin)
P.O. Box 349 | 525 Beck Blvd. | Sandersville, GA USA
(478) | (800)
Color – Cream White
APS: 1.4u micron
SpG: 2.2

14. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (4 of 5)
Producer: KaMin
Brand: HR Pozz (Metakaolin)
822 Huber Road Macon, GA  31217
(Clarence)
Color: Off-white
D50: 1.6u micron
SpG: 2.3

15. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (5 of 5)
Producer: Thiele Kaolin Company
Brand Name: KaoRock (Metakaolin)
PO Box 1056, Sandersville, GA 31082
Phone: Fax:
MPS: 1.5u micron
Color: 80 GE
SpG:

16. Part II - Natural Pozzolans: Raw
Pumice/Pumicite - 3
Ignimbrite – 1
Expanded Shale/DE - 1
Zeolite – 1

17. Natural Pozzolan – Raw (1 of 6)
Producer: CR Minerals
Brand: Navaho Brand Pozzolan (Pumice)
P.O. Box 708 Ohkay Owingeh, NM 87566
Color: 80 GE
SpG: 2.3
D50: approx 14u micron Std/3u micron Ultra

18. Natural Pozzolans – Calcined (2 of 6)
Producer: GCC
Brand: MicroSilex (Ignimbrite)
600 S Cherry St Ste 1000
Denver, CO
(303)
Color: Tan
SpG: 2.3
95% passing 325 mesh

19. Natural Pozzolan – Raw (3 of 6)
Producer: Hess Pumice Products
Brand: HessPozz (Pumice)
100 Hess Drive
Malad City, ID 83252
Color: 80 GE
SpG: 2.3
D50: approx 14u micron – Std/ 3u micron - Ultra

20. Natural Pozzolan – Raw (4 of 6)
Producer: SR Materials
Brand: Panaca Natural Pozzolan (Rhyolitic Pumicite)
333 Hansen St, Panaca, NV 89042
(480)
Color: Off-white

21. Natural Pozzolan - Raw (5 of 6)
Producer: Nevada Cement Co.
Brand: Class N Pozzolan
P.O. Box 840
Fernley Nevada 89408
SpG: 2.6
Color: Off-White

22. Natural Pozzolan – (6 of 6)
Producer: Bear River Zeolite
Brand: BRZ Pozzolan (Zeolite)
4005 East Glendale Road
Preston, ID 83263
Tel:
SpG: 2.2
Color: Light Green
95% pass 325 mesh screen

23. Natural Pozzolan – Calcined (7 of 7)
Producer: Christy Minerals
Brand: DynaPoz (Metakaolin)
833 Booneslick Rd
High Hill, MO 63350
Phone: (636)

24. These are the only commercially available natural pozzolans that I am aware of…..if you know of a natural pozzolan producer in North America that is not on this list, please send information to: Fax: Call: I will keep the list active and make additions/changes as I become aware of them. Joseph Thomas/Magmatics Inc/ mobile