1. Causes of the Civil War

2. Kansas-Nebraska Act Senator Stephen Douglas supported building transcontinental railroad Wanted to make Chicago eastern terminus Stephen Douglas

3. Kansas-Nebraska Act Required running railroad through unorganized territory

4. Kansas-Nebraska Act Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in territory Southern states object to Chicago plan

5. Kansas-Nebraska Act Southern states desire a route running from New Orleans Stephen Douglas sets out to open Kansas & Nebraska to slavery in exchange for southern support for a Chicago railroad

6. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854: Divided the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories in which slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act Objections: –“Gross violation of a sacred pledge”: removed Missouri Compromise line –Northern abolitionists outraged

9. “Bleeding Kansas” Rush by pro/anti-slavery groups to get people to Kansas to vote March 1855: elections held for territorial legislature Pro-slavery Missourians cross border to vote

10. “Bleeding Kansas” Pro-slavery majority elected to legislature at Lecompton Anti-slavery group sets up own legislature in Topeka Both sides armed; violence breaks out- 200 killed

11. “Bleeding Kansas” May 1856: anti-slavery leaders were charged with treason- pro-slavery group tried to arrest men but they had fled –Set fires and destroyed city in anger Known as the “Sack of Lawrence”

12. “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown: sought to “strike terror in the hearts of the pro-slavery people” John Brown

13. “Bleeding Kansas” Pottawatomie Massacre: –Avenged the attack on the town of Lawrence –5 pro-slavery men killed by Brown’s men in May of 1856

14. Violence in Congress Charles Sumner: gave speech in Senate called “The Crime Against Kansas” Charles Sumner

15. “Against this Territory…a crime has been committed…It is the rape of a virgin territory, compelling it to the hateful embrace of Slavery; and it may be clearly traced to a depraved longing for a new slave state, the hideous offspring of such a crime, in hope of adding to the power of slavery in the National Government.” —Charles Sumner, “The Crime Against Kansas”

16. Violence in Congress Insults Senator Andrew Butler in speech Andrew Butler

17. “The Senator from South Carolina…has chosen a mistress to whom he has made his vows, and who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight I mean the harlot, Slavery. For her, his tongue is always profuse in words. Let her be impeached in character, or any proposition made to shut her out from the extension of her wantonness, and no extravagance of manner or hardihood of assertion is then too great for this Senator.” —Charles Sumner, “The Crime Against Kansas” Sumner Butler

18. Violence in Congress Congressman Preston Brooks, nephew of Butler, seeks revenge on Sumner (May 1856) Preston Brooks