1. What is Photography? From the Greek words- photos- “light” and graphein- “to draw”

2. A Brief History  1727- Johann Schulze after many attempts, finally proved that silver salts were darkened by light.  1826- Joseph Nicephore Niepce, France - the first successful permanent photograph. He was trying to create printing plates of images without engraving. The image took 8 hours.  1839- Louis Jacques Mande’ Daguerre invented the daguerreotype which was a positive black and white image on a mirror polished silver plated copper sheet. The image was sharp, finely detailed and the public loved it. Additional prints could not be produced so this was dead end.  Daguerre sold his process to the French government making it available to everyone.

3. The First Image- 1826

4. Daguerre’s- First Photo with people

5. Reproducible Images  1834 William Henry Fox Talbot- English. Calotype process used paper soaked in silver chloride, put in camera obscuras and made paper negatives. These were reproducible and by 1839 he had perfected his process and it became the basis for all photographic processes.  1851- Frederick Herschel- created the glass plate or collodion process which was reproducible but difficult to use due to the fragile nature of glass.  1888-George Eastman- United States, made the first mass- market point and shoot camera called the KODAK. 1889- he introduced a new version that used a roll of film made from cellulose. This invention made photography accessible to anyone.

6. Photographs Calotype- paper negative- blurry easily torn. Collodion- reproducible Wet Plate <Tintype – Metal - same process as Daguerreotype But less expensive

7. Carte de visite  First created in France- “small visiting card portraits” created from one plate. These were popular in the mid 1850’s to 1960’s because they were small, inexpensive and collectible.

8. 20 th Century  1907- the first successful color process in photography was invented by the Lumiere brothers. This glass plate process used grains of dyed starch. Autochrome images were delicate and beautiful.  1927- Leica- first 35mm film camera was introduced.  1954- Kodak- introduced the first high speed black and white film. Tri-X

9. Autochrome Image- first color Smithsonian Museum – Photographer Unknown

10. Art and Visual records  Pictorialism- one of the first movements began in the 1850’s and continued until the 1940’s. Looked like handmade prints, soft focus, resembled drawings. Pictorialists felt strongly that photography could only be art if it looked like paintings and drawings.

11. Henry Peach Robinson-1858 “Fading Away”

12. Art Photography  The Linked Ring-1892 group founded in England which felt photography itself was art and did not need to look like paintings. Members included Alfred Stieglitz who along with Paul Strand emphasized Straight Photography in the early 20 th century.  The Group f/64, founded in 1932 by Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham and Willard VanDyke were the most influential. They defined fine-art photography as work with: maximum sharpness, wide tonal range and unmanipulated prints.

13. Paul Strand

14. Alfred Stieglitz The Steerage- 1907

15. Edward Weston- The most influential American Photographer of the 20 th century.

16. Imogene Cunningham One of the first women to make a living as a photographer

17. Louis Hine- Teacher- Documented labor conditions

18. New York City

19. Willard van Dyke- photographer and documentary film maker Monolith, 1930 He became director of the dept of Film at the Museum of Modern Art in NYC.

20. Late 20 th century Photography  Polaroid- images were processed inside the camera in less than a minute. Cheap- and very popular.  SLR- Interchangeable lenses allowed for more control of the image.  Point and Shoot- Calculated shutter speed, aperture and focus. Great for snapshots.

21. Polaroids

22. Digital Age  1980’s - Manufacturers worked on cameras that could capture images electronically.  1991- Kodak creates the first Digital camera. Images taken by even basic digital cameras are of high quality.  2010-Development keeps on moving along with cameras capable of still and video images.