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Neoplasms Chapter 5 Pathophysiology With Activity Times.

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Presentation on theme: "Neoplasms Chapter 5 Pathophysiology With Activity Times."— Presentation transcript:

1 Neoplasms Chapter 5 Pathophysiology With Activity Times

2 Normal Cells: a Review Cells are specialized for a specific function –Neurons, epithelial cells Cells have the following parts that you should remember: –Plasma membrane –Cytoplasm –Nucleus –Mitochondria –Lysosomes –golgi

3 CELLSEARCH - Circulating tumor cell detection - YouTubeCELLSEARCH - Circulating tumor cell detection - YouTube

4 Plasma membranes Super important when you are talking about cancers…. –Involved in communication and adhesion of cells to one another.

5 ‘Memba Mitosis? What is it? –Cell reproduction- can occur rapidly or months, depending on the cell. Types of cells that can regenerate: –Epithelial cells, muscle cells, ostoblasts Neurons are not capable of going thru mitosis What controls it? –Regulator genes and hormones

6 Activity time # 1 In the back of room you will find a packet with manipulative. Sort them and place them in the appropriate place on the cell cycle. I must verify it when you are finished!

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8 Cells get old, lose function, and die. Cell type Length of time Red blood 120 days Lymphocytes Over one year Other white 10 hours Platelets 10 days Bone 25-30 years Brain Lifetime Colon 3-4 days Skin 19-34 days Spermatozoa 2-3 days Stomach 2 days

9 Apoptosis= programmed cell death Mutations to DNA can cause cells to reproduce when there is no need. –This is what causes cancer Neoplasm = tumor

10 Naming cancer cells - Nomenclature of benign and malignant cancers, How to name cancers, mixed tumors explained - YouTube- Nomenclature of benign and malignant cancers, How to name cancers, mixed tumors explained - YouTube

11 Naming tumors -oma = benign -carcinoma = malignant tumor (epithelial tissue) -lipoma=malignant tumor (adipose- fatty tissue-soft tissue tumor) -sarcoma = malignant tumor (connective tissue)

12 Name that tumor! Lymphoma = ??? Seminoma=??? Neuroma = ??? Lipoma=???

13 Name that tumor! Lymphoma = tumor of lymphoid tissue Seminoma=benign germ cell tumor of testies Neuroma = benign tumor of nerves Lipoma= Benign bone tumor = ???

14 Benign vs. Malignant tumors BenignMalignant Differentiated cellsUndifferentiated cells EncapsulatedNon-encapsulated Usually not life- threatening (exceptions) Life-threatening Do not spreadCells are non-functional (usually) Slow growthCapable of infiltrating, or spreading Cells differ in size and shape

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16 New technologies The AdnaGen Circulating Tumor Cell Test - YouTube

17 Malignant neoplasms = cancer Cell membranes are altered…why is this a defining characteristic of malignancy? Can secrete growth factors to stimulate development of new blood vessels in the area = angiogenesis. –Makes tumor happy, but normal cells are deprived.

18 Malignant cells can remain in situ, or non-invasive for a period of time Tumors are graded based on how differentiated they are. –Grade I = closest to normal –Grade IV = farthest from normal

19 Activity Time # 2 Using the half sheet of paper provided, create a Venn diagram comparing and contrasting benign and malignant tumors.

20 Warning signs of cancer Unusual bleeding or discharge Change in bowel or bladder habits Change in wart or mole Sores that do not heal Unexplained weight loss Anemia and persistent fatigue Persistent cough or hoarseness Solid, often painless, lump

21 Local Effects of Tumors Pain- (atypical) caused by pressure growth places on a nerve Obstruction- any tube like the esophagus, digestive tract, blood vessel Necrosis Ulcerations Infection (usually by opportunistic normal flora)

22 Systemic Effects of cancer Weight loss Cachexia- tissue wasting Anemia- decreased hemoglobin Infections Bleeding Paraneoplastic syndromes –Particular to certain cancers; often confuses diagnoses and complicates the situation

23 Diagnostics Blood tests - ??? What things might signal cancer? X Ray, ultrasound, MRI, CT scans –Look at tissues and organs to see the tumors Histologic and Cytologic tests –Biopsy to determine if benign or malignant.

24 Spread of tumors Malignant tumors are capable of spreading and causing secondary tumors. Invasion= local spread Metastasis= spread to distant sites by traveling through the blood or lymph.

25 Lymph nodes can be removed to stop spread, but this leaves the hosts defenses compromised. “Seeding” may occur –The spillage of tumor cell clusters and their subsequent growth as malignant implants at a site adjacent to an original tumor

26 Staging of cancer Tells you the extent of the disease and provides for a possible prognosis. Based on –Size of primary tumor –Extent of involvement of lymph nodes –Metastasis of the tumor

27 Etiology Carcinogenesis –Process when normal cells are transformed into cancer cells –Usually multiple factors are involved Genes (oncogenes), lifestyle, environment Risk factors on table 5-4

28 Cancer Treatment Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, combination Radiation/chemo do not work on all cancer cells

29 Activity time # 3 Chemotherapy/Radiation In pairs, create a T-Chart comparing and contrasting Chemotherapy and Radiation.

30 Treatment, cont. Curative- only if tumor is small and localized Palliative- if cancer is advanced –Reduces manifestations and complications from the cancer

31 Speed game Get in your groups and matching the definition to the correct word.


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