1. Let’s discuss our own HUNGER DRIVES! How do exercise, fatigue, and illness affect your appetite? What kind of food satisfies your hunger? What kinds do not? How do emotional factors, such as stress or sadness, influence your appetite?

2. __________________________________ Hunger is regulated by biological and psychological factors. 1. _____________________________: It takes time for the body to digest food, send nutrients to the bloodstream, and then provide signals to the brain that the need for food has been satisfied. Therefore, you should stop eating before you are full. The level of sugar in the blood and the part of the brain known as the hypothalamus are key influences on feelings of hunger. The hypothalamus tells us to “_______________” and “_______________________.”

3. The HUNGER Drive 2. _______________________________ We usually eat more in the presence of other people than when we are alone. Certain amounts of food/drink produce feelings of well- being and relaxation (food as a coping mechanism) Food as a reward can lead to dietary problems

4. ___________________________ Obese means weighing more than _________% greater than one’s recommended body weight. _______ in ______ Americans are obese. 6 in 10 Americans are overweight. Healthful weight control programs do not include fad diets. They involve changes in lifestyle including increasing, nutritional knowledge, decreasing caloric intake, and exercising.

5. OBESITY Like hunger, obesity has biological and psychological factors. Obesity tends to run in families. Is it hereditary? _____________________________________________. When you lose weight, fat cells shrink and tell the brain you are hungry. _________________________________________. Since fatty tissue converts food to energy more slowly than muscle does, people with more body fat metabolize food more slowly. ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.

6. SECTION 3 INTRO: Imagine a hypothetical individual whose every physical need has been satisfied. The person is adequately fed, clothed, and sheltered and feels no physical pain. What psychological needs might this person experience? How might these psychological needs motivate this person to behave?

7. _______________________ ____________________ can motivate us in two opposite ways: 1. To reduce our level of tension or stimulation, or 2._____________________ ____________________ ____________________

8. We will study five psychological needs: 1. _________________________-desire for stimulation 2. __________________________________of our environment 3. ________________________________________ 4. _________________________________–our beliefs, values and actions 5. _____________________________with others in groups

9. ____________________________include sensory stimulation, activity, exploration, & manipulation Stimulus motives have survival value – the more you know about your environment, the more likely you are to survive Some people need an active lifestyle or are thrill seekers (sensation seekers) ______________________________in the 1950s proved that we all need some level of stimulation or we will become bored, disoriented and unable to concentrate.

10. _____________________________________: People and animals are motivated to explore their immediate surroundings. ______________________________________________ Many psychologists believe that people and animals explore and manipulate their environment just because it is stimulating, not to meet a food or safety need. DISCUSSION: How might the lack of stimulating objects in an infant or young child’s environment affect their development?

11. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION: ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Students with high achievement motivation do better on tests than students with the same ability but lower achievement motivation. Adults with high achievement motivation are more likely to be promoted and make higher salaries. People who don’t have the achievement motivation are usually more _______________, _______________ and __________________________________

12. TWO TYPES OF GOALS: 1. _________________________ are specific goals such as college admission or approval of teachers or bosses are usually satisfied by: 2.___________________________ such as good grades, a good income, respect from others

13. TYPES OF GOALS: 2. _______________________—that is, to learn or do something for its own sake are usually satisfied by: _______________________________ such as self-satisfaction (feeling good about yourself) DISCUSSION: Think about your own achievement motivation. Try to distinguish between learning goals and performance goals.

14. MAKING THINGS FIT: We have a need for ___________________ ________________________ – a need to make our lives fit together well—to live according to our beliefs and act how others expect us to act. ___________________ in the way we think ________________________to Balance Theory – need to organize our ______________________________________ and be with others who share the same thoughts/beliefs. To __________________________ between our beliefs and the way we sometimes behave.

15. ____________________ is the desire to join with others and be part of something larger than oneself. This is our motive for making friends, marrying, etc. Affiliation motivation helps families, groups, and nations together Anxiety makes us more likely to affiliate, according to experiments done by psychologists.

16. ROLE-PLAYING ACTIVITY: Divide into small groups of 3. Create a hypothetical situation between parent(s) and child that could affect the child’s achievement motivation. Use one of the parenting styles from Ch. 10: warm, strict, cold, permissive. After acting out your scenario, explain how the parent’s action/reaction to the situation might influence the child’s achievement motivation.