1. LIMADOU (MATTEO RICCI) STUDIO DALLO SPAZIO DELL’INTERAZIONE LITOSFERA-MAGNETOSFERA PROGETTO PREMIALE ASI-INFN 2012 Roberto Battiston Roberto Battiston Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Physics Department of the University of Trento – TIFPA (Italy) Padova Meeting Preventivi 2014

2. Institutes - INFN G.C. TRENTO, ROMA T.V., PERUGIA, BOLOGNA - UNIVERSITA’ TRENTO, UNINETTUNO - INGV - CISAS (PADOVA) - FBK (TRENTO) - CHINA EARTHQUAKE ADMINISTRATION (CEA) - ASI

3. Infn “progetto premiale” ASI-INFN 2012 Trento (g.c. Padova) R. Battiston (p.o) 30%, Resp naz. N.Pugno (p.o.) 30%, I. Lazzizzera (p.a.) 20% 2 dottorandi di ricerca 100% (x2) TOTALE 2.8 FTE Roma Tor Vergata Livio Conti (R.U.) 70% Resp. Loc. P.Picozza (p.o.) 0% Livio Narici (p.a,) 50% M. Casolino (ric) 30%, 1 assegno ricerca 100% TOTALE 2.5 FTE Perugia DTZ F. Ambroglini (art. 23) 50% V. Vitale (art. 23) 50% TOTALE 1.0 FTE Bologna A. Contin (P.O.) 30%, Resp. Loc. G. Laurenti 0% Dir. Ric. Ingv 50% 2 ingegneri/tecnologi 60% TOTALE 1.4 FTE

4. Litoshpere : λίθος [lithos] "rocky” Atmoshpere : ἀτμός [atmos] "vapor” Ionoshpere : ionized by the sun Magnetosphere: where the magnetic field controls the motion of charged particles These “spheres” do interact through currents, electric field, magnetic field, e.m. waves, gravity waves…. Introduction

6. Monitoring the effects of these interactions represents a new way of observing the Earth and its atmosphere Study of Van Allen Belts and their time behaviour (particle bursts precipitation) are an example

7. Van Allen Belts

9. Schematic representation of litospheric-magnetospheric interaction mechanism PBs SOURCE OF DISTURBANCE EM WAVES PROPAGATION INTO THE IONO- MAGNETOSPHERE PARTICLE PITCH ANGLE CHANGES  MIRROR POINTS LOWERING  PARTICLE PRECIPITATION PBs PROPAGATE AROUND THE EARTH ALONG THE L-SHELL  (LONGITUDINAL DRIFT) PBs DETECTABILITY AT ANY LONGITUDE EM WAVES GENERATE PERTURBATIONS IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE geomagnetic field lines stationary trajectory of trapped particles mirror points lowering mirror points EM WAVES INTERACT WITH CHARGED TRAPPED PARTICLES IN THE INNER RADIATION BELT stationary lower boundary of the radiation belt

10. Examples of Particle Bursts (C. Fidani and R.B., NHESS, 8, 1277-1291,2008) Definition: anomalous short-term and sharp increases in high energy particle counting rates in high energy particle counting rates

11. Δt = 0 Correlation between bursts of high-energy electrons (ARINA satellite experiment, 2006-2012) and power lightning flashes (Lightning Imagine Sensor satellite measurement) t burst -time of burst observation t lightning -time of lightning registration Bursts and lightning have the same Lshell. Number of events (burst and lightning) is equal 198. Power lightning are taken from LIS data catalog http://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov /uso/ds_docs/lis/lis

12. TGF vs Particle Burst Rhessi, Fermi/GBM R.B., V. Vitale 2013 Δt (TGF-PB) [s] Δt = 0

14. UTC, hour ARINA satellite experiment Observation of high energy electron bursts – conneced to earthquakes The Lushan earthquake in Chine 2013-04-20 0:02:47 Lat=30 o ; Long=130 o ; M=6.6 L=1.17 Burst #1 2013-04-19 20:25:02 Lat=-10 o ; Long=200 o ; L=1.1 (4.2δ) Burst #2 2013-04-19 22:45:52 Lat=21 o ; Long=340 o ; L=1.16 (3.5δ) Burst#1Burst#2Quake Aftershocks Δt = few hours

15. Δt = -3/4 hours

16. NOAA SATELLITES RESULTS All the data samples (satellites) contribute to the excess R. B., V. Vitale 2012

17. DELAY DISTRIBUTION : Combined results NOAA 15,16,17,18 An excess of 25 events is found at 1.25±0.25 hours with respect to the earthquake The Distribution mean is 8.3 ± 0.3, poissonian The excess deviates 5.7 σ from the mean and has probability 1.2*10 -6 To assign absolute timing (before/after) special simulation is needed V. Vitale, R.B. 2012 mean 5,7 σ preliminary Δt = 1,25 hours

18. Study of precipitation of energetic particles from the magnetosphere on the CSES satellite (2016  )

19. Earthquake localization scheme under development LATITUDE : is provided by the projection to ground of the observed location of the precipitating particle burst ✔ LONGITUDE : is by the energy dependence of the time of observation of the precipitating particle burst  under study

20. Longitude determination scheme (under study) L earthquake =L satellite +360° (t 1 -t 2 )/(T 1 -T 2 ) E 1, E 2 Energy of precipitating particles t 1, t 2, observation time @ E 1, E 2 T 1, T 2, drift time around Earth

21. LIMADOU Low Energy Particle Spectrometer Perugia, Trento, Bologna Aigle 2012 R. Battiston

22. 22

23. 23 Feasibility study magnets

24. Volta : EFD Electric Field Detector for CSES (Tor Vergata) EFD Data Aquisition Board Ultra low noise circuit EFD Langmuir Probe

25. Activity 2014 Engeneering models Definition of CSES satellite interfaces for Limandou and Volta subsystems Design of the Limadou and Volta subsystem Procurement of long lead, ITAR free items Data analysis and development of algorithms Development of the full MC simulation of Van Allen Belts particle precipitation and detection Budget: 400 k€ fondi premiali